[R-sig-ME] subjects within groups and effects of group

Phillip Alday phillip.alday at mpi.nl
Fri Jan 19 11:58:25 CET 2018


Dear Pam, (dear Thierry,)

if I'm reading the description correctly, Pam is conceiving of Trial as
being an "Item"-type factor (crossed with subject). To rephrase
Thierry's comment a bit -- if Trial corresponds to an Item (concrete
stimulus realization sampled from the population of possible stimuli for
this manipulation) that is the same across subjects, then this is a good
way to model that. If Trial doesn't correspond to an invariant set of
items, but is rather just repetitions of the same task (perhaps with
some random variation that isn't identical across subjects), then
modeling Trial as a random effect doesn't really help much. However, if
Trial is just a sequence number for the repetition, it might make sense
to instead include Trial as a continuous fixed effect in order to model
adaptation effects.

Best,
Phillip

On 19/01/18 10:44, Thierry Onkelinx wrote:
> Dear Pam,
> 
> You are handling condition and subject correctly.
> 
> There might be a problem with trial. Does trial indicates dependent
> replication of the study? Is there a common effect of trial X for all
> subjects? Because that is what your current model assumes. In case the
> trials are independent, then you don't need to include it in the
> model.
> 
> Note that Condition + PzAlpha + PzAlpha*Condition is verbose. You can
> write it as PzAlpha*Condition.
> 
> Best regards,
> 
> ir. Thierry Onkelinx
> Statisticus / Statistician
> 
> Vlaamse Overheid / Government of Flanders
> INSTITUUT VOOR NATUUR- EN BOSONDERZOEK / RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR NATURE
> AND FOREST
> Team Biometrie & Kwaliteitszorg / Team Biometrics & Quality Assurance
> thierry.onkelinx at inbo.be
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> 
> ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
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> more than asking him to perform a post-mortem examination: he may be
> able to say what the experiment died of. ~ Sir Ronald Aylmer Fisher
> The plural of anecdote is not data. ~ Roger Brinner
> The combination of some data and an aching desire for an answer does
> not ensure that a reasonable answer can be extracted from a given body
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> ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 2018-01-18 18:51 GMT+01:00 P Greenwood <pgreenw1 at gmu.edu>:
>> Hello
>>
>> I wanted some advice about handling subjects within groups and effects of group (randomly assigned).  I want to predict reaction time (RT) as a function of  “Condition,”  alpha band power (PzAlpha), and drive. People (subjects) are randomly assigned to Condition, of which there are two.  Each person has data from 5 drives, and for each drive there are 10 trials.  There are 19 subjects in one group and 20 in the other.
>>
>> My question is this: Am I handling the “between subjects” factor of Condition correctly?  Also, am I treating subjects within group correctly?  I am pasting in some of my data.  The output is below.
>>
>> Regards
>>
>> Pam Greenwood
>>
>> library(lme4)
>> library(lmerTest)
>> INFAST_Behavioral <- read.csv(“….
>> na.omit(INFAST_Behavioral)
>> INFAST_Behavioral$RT = scale(INFAST_Behavioral$RT, center = TRUE, scale = TRUE)
>> INFAST_Behavioral$PzAlpha = scale(INFAST_Behavioral$PzAlpha, center = TRUE, scale = TRUE)
>> sumModelInteraction <- lmer(RT ~ 1 + (Condition + PzAlpha + Drive + PzAlpha*Condition) + (1 | subject) + (1 | trial), data = INFAST_Behavioral)
>> summary(sumModelInteraction)
>>
>> subject Condition               Drive           trial   FzAlpha CzAlpha PzAlpha FzTheta CzTheta PzTheta FzDelta CzDelta PzDelta         RT      ACC
>> 1       HumanLanguage   1       1       -1.41   -4.3585 -5.5431 6.1516  1.5911  3.6247  22.38   18.181  13.812          1568.984857     1
>> 1       HumanLanguage   1       2       -7.8605 2.0156  4.7392  15.992  12.122  6.9088  26.861  20.592  16.326  1721.359714     1
>> 1       HumanLanguage   1       3       -2.6982 -5.6067 -10.038 6.285   5.5172  1.2894  13.565  12.981  11.63   1257.092571     1
>> 1       HumanLanguage   1       4       3.3975  4.8789  -1.3249 7.0177  9.6703  6.1539  10.231  12.261  12.485  1559.461429     1
>> …(skipping to Subject 2)
>> 2       HumanLanguage                   1       1       1.6791  2.8887  0.28174 -11.387 -9.9352 3.5936  -1.5767 3.9401  6.7201          1302.328857     1
>> 2       HumanLanguage   1       2       -13.284 -8.2603 -6.6124 -5.9373 -8.7551 0.10394 4.5621  10.204  12.261  969.0088571     1
>> 2       HumanLanguage   1       3       -0.048973       1.1329  0.67399 -2.1432 2.5077  -2.4641 9.4667  10.883  7.1396  721.3997143     1
>> 2       HumanLanguage   1       4       5.0779  6.8916  6.3892  -1.8682 3.1637  7.9712  8.0994  10.883  10.975  707.1145714     1
>> 2       HumanLanguage   1       5       -7.0495 -2.782  3.1668  8.4332  10.646  9.3726  -3.5937 -7.3769 5.4472  892.8214286     1
>> 2       HumanLanguage   1       6       -1.462  -8.1223 -6.5896 -10.895 -5.6311 0.39941 7.5473  12.783  14.698  611.8802857     1
>> 2       HumanLanguage   1       7       -2.6402 -5.1213 -3.7372 3.4542  4.2234  -0.99898        1.4089  4.1976  0.56587 761.8742857     1
>> 2       HumanLanguage   1       8       3.4393  4.6302  1.5525  1.4604  3.1716  3.1622  -2.3427 2.908   4.2259  680.9251429     1
>> 2       HumanLanguage   1       9       -0.81024        -0.21642        -2.3876 2.5839  4.7307  1.5441  3.3761  8.4485  12.02   769.0168571     1
>> 2       HumanLanguage   1       10      -6.4045 -4.4937 -2.2449 0.94456 2.7048  0.65565 -1.9791 0.26436 1.8435  885.6788571     1
>>
>> Results:
>>
>> Linear mixed model fit by REML t-tests use Satterthwaite approximations to degrees of freedom [
>> lmerMod]
>> Formula: RT ~ 1 + (Condition + PzAlpha + Drive + PzAlpha * Condition) +
>>     (1 | subject) + (1 | trial)
>>    Data: INFAST_Behavioral
>>
>> REML criterion at convergence: 3876.4
>>
>> Scaled residuals:
>>     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max
>> -3.4308 -0.5227 -0.1194  0.3547  8.4095
>>
>> Random effects:
>>  Groups   Name        Variance Std.Dev.
>>  subject  (Intercept) 0.580073 0.76163
>>  trial    (Intercept) 0.004778 0.06912
>>  Residual             0.434918 0.65948
>> Number of obs: 1839, groups:  subject, 39; trial, 10
>>
>> Fixed effects:
>>                                          Estimate               Std. Error         df t value Pr(>|t|)
>> (Intercept)                        -0.27054    0.17607   40.80000  -1.537  0.13213
>> ConditionMachineLang 0.41644    0.24595   36.90000   1.693  0.09884 .
>> PzAlpha                             0.01192    0.02411 1797.40000   0.494  0.62117
>> Drive                               0.02948    0.01083 1788.40000   2.722  0.00655 **
>> ConditionMachineLanguage:PzAlpha   -0.01998    0.03476 1803.10000  -0.575  0.56560
>> ---
>> Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1
>> P.M. Greenwood, Ph.D.
>> Associate Professor of Psychology
>> Editorial Board, NeuroImage
>> David King Hall 2052
>> George Mason University
>> MSN 3F5, 4400 University Drive
>> Fairfax, VA 22030-4444
>>
>> Ph: 703 993-4268
>> fax: 703 993-1359
>> email: Pgreenw1 at gmu.edu
>> http://psychology.gmu.edu/people/pgreenw1
>>
>>
>>         [[alternative HTML version deleted]]
>>
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