[R] Repeated measures
Richard Plant
replant at ucdavis.edu
Mon Jan 22 21:17:38 CET 2007
In the two solutions for the repeated measures problem given in the
original reply below, the F and p values given by aov() with the error
strata defined by Error() are different from those given by lme().
However, when one does the problem "by hand" using the standard split
plot model, the results agree with those of nlme(). The difference
between the two aov() solutions is in the partitioning of sums of
squares. Is there a ready explanation for this discrepancy?
Thanks,
Richard Plant
> tolerance <- tolerance <-
+
read.table("http://www.ats.ucla.edu/stat/Splus/examples/alda/tolerance1.
txt",
+ sep=",", header=TRUE)
> tolerance.long <- reshape(tolerance,
+ varying = list(c("tol11","tol12","tol13",
+ "tol14", "tol15")),
+ v.names = c("tol"), timevar = "time",
+ times = 11:15, direction = "long")
> tolerance.aov2 <- aov(tol ~ factor(male) + factor(male):factor(id) +
factor(time) + factor(time):male, data = tolerance.long)
> tolerance.sum <- summary(tolerance.aov2)
> tolerance.sum
Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)
factor(male) 1 0.3599 0.3599 2.6077 0.111967
factor(time) 4 2.8326 0.7081 5.1309 0.001358 **
factor(male):factor(id) 14 8.2990 0.5928 4.2951 4.295e-05 ***
factor(time):male 4 0.1869 0.0467 0.3386 0.850786
Residuals 56 7.7289 0.1380
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
> tolerance.list <- tolerance.sum[[1]]
> tolerance.mat <- as.matrix(tolerance.list[3])
> tolerance.F.male <- tolerance.mat[1,1]/tolerance.mat[3,1]
> tolerance.F.male
[1] 0.607137
> tolerance.df <- as.matrix(tolerance.list[1])
> tolerance.p.male <- 1 -
pf(tolerance.F.male,tolerance.df[1,1],tolerance.df[3,1])
> tolerance.p.male
[1] 0.4488394
>
> Message: 68
> Date: Wed, 17 Jan 2007 05:45:01 -0500
> From: Chuck Cleland <ccleland at optonline.net>
> Subject: Re: [R] Repeated measures
> To: Tom Backer Johnsen <backer at psych.uib.no>
> Cc: r-help at stat.math.ethz.ch
> Message-ID: <45ADFE2D.2060208 at optonline.net>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1
>
> Tom Backer Johnsen wrote:
> > I am having a hard time understanding how to perform a "repeated
> > measures" type of ANOVA with R. When reading the document found
here:
> >
> > http://cran.r-project.org/doc/contrib/Lemon-kickstart/kr_repms.html
> >
> > I find that there is a reference to a function make.rm () that is
> > supposed to rearrange a "one row per person" type of frame to a "one
> > row per observation" type of frame. But that function does not seem
> > to be there. Nor does the help.search suggest anything. Is that
> > function buried in some package?
>
> I'm not able to find that function. Perhaps that document is out of
> date.
>
> > Is there some simple documentation that might be useful somewhere?
> > Starting with a really simple problem (one group, two observations)?
>
> Here is an example showing the use of reshape() and analysis via
aov()
> and lme() in the nlme package.
>
> tolerance <-
>
read.table("http://www.ats.ucla.edu/stat/Splus/examples/alda/tolerance1.
tx
> t",
> sep=",", header=TRUE)
>
> tolerance.long <- reshape(tolerance,
> varying = list(c("tol11","tol12","tol13",
> "tol14", "tol15")),
> v.names = c("tol"), timevar = "time",
> times = 11:15, direction = "long")
>
> tolerance.aov <- aov(tol ~ as.factor(time) * male + Error(id),
> data = tolerance.long)
>
> summary(tolerance.aov)
>
> Error: id
> Df Sum Sq Mean Sq
> male 1 0.085168 0.085168
>
> Error: Within
> Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)
> as.factor(time) 4 2.8326 0.7081 3.0538 0.02236 *
> male 1 0.3024 0.3024 1.3039 0.25745
> as.factor(time):male 4 0.1869 0.0467 0.2015 0.93670
> Residuals 69 16.0002 0.2319
> ---
> Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
>
> library(nlme)
>
> tolerance.lme <- lme(tol ~ as.factor(time) * male, random = ~ 1 | id,
> data = tolerance.long)
>
> anova(tolerance.lme)
> numDF denDF F-value p-value
> (Intercept) 1 56 353.9049 <.0001
> as.factor(time) 4 56 5.1309 0.0014
> male 1 14 0.6071 0.4488
> as.factor(time):male 4 56 0.3386 0.8508
>
> RSiteSearch("repeated measures") points to other examples,
functions,
> and documentation.
>
> > Tom
> >
> > ______________________________________________
> > R-help at stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list
> > https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help
> > PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-
> guide.html
> > and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
>
> --
> Chuck Cleland, Ph.D.
> NDRI, Inc.
> 71 West 23rd Street, 8th floor
> New York, NY 10010
> tel: (212) 845-4495 (Tu, Th)
> tel: (732) 512-0171 (M, W, F)
> fax: (917) 438-0894
>
>
>
> ------------------------------
>
> _______________________________________________
> R-help at stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list
> https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help
> PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-
> guide.html
> and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
>
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