I have a mixed balanced ANOVA design with a between-subject factor (Grp) and a within-subject factor (Rsp). When I tried the following two commands which I thought are equivalent, > fit.lme <- lme(Beta ~ Grp*Rsp, random = ~1|Subj, Model); > fit.aov <- aov(Beta ~ Rsp*Grp+Error(Subj/Rsp)+Grp, Model); I got totally different results. What did I do wrong? Thanks, Gang