[R] How to do it without for loops?

[Thomas Lumley]

On Wed, 8 Mar 2006, ronggui wrote:

> Thank you for all .
>
> One more question.How can I calculate these efficiently?
>
> set.seed(100)
> dat<-data.frame(x1=rnorm(20),x2=rnorm(20),u=rnorm(20),id=round(2*runif(20)))
> # In this example,id's elements are  0,1,2.
> y<-list()
> for (i in 0:2){
> X<-as.matrix(subset(dat,id==i,c("x1","x2")))
> u<-as.matrix(subset(dat,id==i,c("u")))
> y[[i+1]]<-t(X)%*%u%*%t(u)%*%X
> }
> y[[1]]+y[[2]]+y[[3]]
>

People have already told you about crossprod, so crossprod(crossprod(X,u)) 
would seem an obvious improvement over the matrix multiplications.

There is a better solution, though.

Xu<-dat[,c("x1","x2")]*dat[,"u"]
crossprod( rowsum(Xu, dat$id))

 	-thomas


> the above code is not elegant.And my second solution to this problem
> is using by to get a list.
>
> matlis<-by(dat, dat$id, function(x){
> a<-as.matrix(x[,c("x1","x2")])
> b<-as.matrix(x[, "u"])
> t(a) %*% b  %*% t(b) %*% a
> })
>
> S <- matrix(unlist(matlis), 4, length(matlis))
> S1 <- matrix(rowSums(S), 2, 2)
>
> The code works ,but I want to ask if there is any other more better
> ways to do it? It seems that this kind of computation is quite common.
>
>
>
>
>
> 2006/2/28, Gabor Grothendieck <ggrothendieck at gmail.com>:
>> Try:
>>
>> crossprod(x)
>>
>> or
>>
>> t(x) %*% x
>>
>> On 2/28/06, ronggui <ronggui.huang at gmail.com> wrote:
>>> This is the code:
>>>
>>> x<-matrix(rnorm(20),5)
>>> y<-list()
>>> for (i in seq(nrow(x))) y[[i]]<-t(x[i,,drop=F])%*%x[i,,drop=F]
>>> y[[1]]+y[[2]]+y[[3]]+y[[4]]+y[[5]]
>>>
>>> How can I do it without using for loops?
>>> Thank you in advance!
>>> --
>>> ronggui
>>> Deparment of Sociology
>>> Fudan University
>>>
>>> ______________________________________________
>>> R-help at stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list
>>> https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help
>>> PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
>>>
>>
>
>
> --
> »ÆÈÙ¹ó
> Deparment of Sociology
> Fudan University
>
>

Thomas Lumley			Assoc. Professor, Biostatistics
tlumley at u.washington.edu	University of Washington, Seattle