[R] How to do it without for loops?

[ronggui]

Thank you for all .

One more question.How can I calculate these efficiently?

set.seed(100)
dat<-data.frame(x1=rnorm(20),x2=rnorm(20),u=rnorm(20),id=round(2*runif(20)))
# In this example,id's elements are  0,1,2.
y<-list()
for (i in 0:2){
X<-as.matrix(subset(dat,id==i,c("x1","x2")))
u<-as.matrix(subset(dat,id==i,c("u")))
y[[i+1]]<-t(X)%*%u%*%t(u)%*%X
}
y[[1]]+y[[2]]+y[[3]]

the above code is not elegant.And my second solution to this problem
is using by to get a list.

matlis<-by(dat, dat$id, function(x){
a<-as.matrix(x[,c("x1","x2")])
b<-as.matrix(x[, "u"])
t(a) %*% b  %*% t(b) %*% a
})

S <- matrix(unlist(matlis), 4, length(matlis))
S1 <- matrix(rowSums(S), 2, 2)

The code works ,but I want to ask if there is any other more better
ways to do it? It seems that this kind of computation is quite common.





2006/2/28, Gabor Grothendieck <ggrothendieck at gmail.com>:
> Try:
>
> crossprod(x)
>
> or
>
> t(x) %*% x
>
> On 2/28/06, ronggui <ronggui.huang at gmail.com> wrote:
> > This is the code:
> >
> > x<-matrix(rnorm(20),5)
> > y<-list()
> > for (i in seq(nrow(x))) y[[i]]<-t(x[i,,drop=F])%*%x[i,,drop=F]
> > y[[1]]+y[[2]]+y[[3]]+y[[4]]+y[[5]]
> >
> > How can I do it without using for loops?
> > Thank you in advance!
> > --
> > ronggui
> > Deparment of Sociology
> > Fudan University
> >
> > ______________________________________________
> > R-help at stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list
> > https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help
> > PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
> >
>


--
»ÆÈÙ¹ó
Deparment of Sociology
Fudan University