Spencer Graves wrote: > Consider the following: > > plot(0, 0, xlim=c(-10, 10), ylim=c(-50, 50)) > lines(c(0,0), (2*c(-pi, pi))^2) Because squaring is done before multiplication - its higher priority. Hence you end up with (-2*pi)^2 and (2*pi)^2, which are the same, and your 'line' becomes a dot. How about: lines(c(0,0), (2*pi)^2*c(-1,1)) Barry