[R-sig-teaching] R-sig-teaching Digest, Vol 74, Issue 7
Julian Wells
julianwells at gn.apc.org
Mon Feb 23 12:56:09 CET 2015
One might not use tables to *teach* stat.s, but one may wish to provide exam candidates with them.
Julian
On 23 Feb 2015, at 11:00, r-sig-teaching-request at r-project.org wrote:
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> Today's Topics:
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> 1. Re: Normal Distribution Table (Randall Pruim)
>
>
> ----------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> Message: 1
> Date: Mon, 23 Feb 2015 06:15:04 +0000
> From: Randall Pruim <rpruim at calvin.edu>
> To: Arthur Charpentier <arthur.charpentier at gmail.com>
> Cc: R-sig-teaching <R-sig-teaching at r-project.org>
> Subject: Re: [R-sig-teaching] Normal Distribution Table
> Message-ID: <ED4D2C82-0C72-40AC-8C51-42C9D265A544 at calvin.edu>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8"
>
> I?m not a fan of probability tables. I don?t use trig or log tables when for calculus, why should I use normal probability tables when I teach statistics.
>
> But I am a fan of good R coding and of knitr, and since Arthur wished for an RMarkdown version of his table and I think there are ways to improve the R used to generate the table (note the use of outer(), the avoidance of all loops, and letting the computer calculate sequences), I?ll offer the following RMarkdown file. It is more complicated than necessary to show how to include a plot and how to control the table format a bit. A minimalist version with just the table and no custom formatting would be shorter.
>
> Anyway, here goes:
>
>
> ```{r include=FALSE} # execute this code, but don?t put anything into the output
> require(xtable)
> require(grid) # for the plot
> require(mosaic) # for the plot
> trellis.par.set(theme=theme.mosaic()) # change default colors for plot
> big <- seq(0, 3.5, by = 0.1)
> little <- seq(0, 0.09, by = 0.01)
> norm_table <- outer(big, little, function(x,y) pnorm(x+y))
> row.names(norm_table) <- format(big, digits=1)
> colnames(norm_table) <- format(little, digits=2)
> ```
>
> The table gives values for $P(Z \le z)$ where $z$ is the sum of the left and right headers.
>
> ```{r echo=FALSE, fig.width = 7.0, fig.height = 2, fig.keep="last"}
> plotDist("norm", groups = x >= 1, type="h")
> ladd(grid.text(label=expression(P(Z <= z)), x = .2, y = .7))
> ```
>
>
> ```{r results="asis", echo=FALSE}
> print(
> xtable(
> norm_table,
> digits=4, # display 4 digits
> align="|r|rrrrrrrrrr|" # additional vertical lines
> ),
> hline.after = c(-1, seq(0, nrow(norm_table), by=4)), # additional horizontal lines
> comment=FALSE) # avoid latex comment about table generation
> ```
>
> On Feb 22, 2015, at 12:02 AM, Arthur Charpentier <arthur.charpentier at gmail.com<mailto:arthur.charpentier at gmail.com>> wrote:
>
> Hi Steven
> it might be out of scope but a few months ago, I published some codes to
> generate such a table
> see http://freakonometrics.hypotheses.org/9404
> Arthur
>
>
>
> 2015-02-21 11:49 GMT+01:00 Steven Stoline <sstoline at gmail.com<mailto:sstoline at gmail.com>>:
>
> One more thing;
>
> 3- how to force all output to be in a 4 decimal format. e.g. 1 should look
> like 1.0000.
>
> thanks
> steve
> ---------- Forwarded message ----------
> From: Steven Stoline <sstoline at gmail.com<mailto:sstoline at gmail.com>>
> Date: Sat, Feb 21, 2015 at 5:37 AM
> Subject: Normal Distribution Table
> To: R-sig-teaching <R-sig-teaching at r-project.org<mailto:R-sig-teaching at r-project.org>>
>
>
> Dear All:
>
> I am trying to use the below R code to create the standard normal
> distribution table. But I need some helps on the output:
>
> 1- how I can insert one line-space between each two rows.
>
> 2- there is one "<NA>" in the output, how to remove it from the output.
>
> Simply copy-paste the below code into R.
>
>
> Here is the Code:
> ============
>
>
> columnz<-c(0.00, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.06, 0.07, 0.08, 0.09)
>
>
>
> rowz<-c(0.0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5,0.6,0.7,0.8,0.9,1.0,1.1,1.2,1.3,1.4,1.5,1.6,1.7,1.8,1.9,
>
>
> 2.0,2.1,2.2,2.3,2.4,2.5,2.6,2.7,2.8,2.9,3.0,3.1,3.2,3.3,3.4,3.5,3.6,3.7,3.8,3.9,4.0)
>
>
> normal.table<-function(columnz,rowz){
>
>
> m<-length(rowz)
>
> n<-length(columnz)
>
>
> A<-matrix(NA, nrow = m+1 , ncol = n+1)
>
>
> for (i in (1:m+1)) {
>
> A[i,1]<-" "
>
> }
>
>
> for (j in (1:n+1)) {
>
> A[1,j]<-"------"
>
> }
>
>
> for (i in (1:m)) {
> for (j in (1:n)){
>
> #### A[i,j]<-round(pnorm(rowz[i]+columnz[j]),4)
>
> A[i+1,j+1]<-round(pnorm(rowz[i]+columnz[j]),4)
>
>
> }
>
> }
>
>
>
> dimnames(A)<-list(c(" ",
> "0.0","0.1","0.2","0.3","0.4","0.5","0.6","0.7","0.8","0.9",
>
> "1.0","1.1","1.2","1.3","1.4","1.5","1.6","1.7","1.8","1.9",
>
> "2.0","2.1","2.2","2.3","2.4","2.5","2.6","2.7","2.8","2.9",
>
> "3.0","3.1","3.2","3.3","3.4","3.5","3.6","3.7","3.8","3.9","4.0"),
> c(" ", " 0.00", " 0.01", " 0.02", " 0.03", " 0.04", "
> 0.05", " 0.06", " 0.07", " 0.08", " 0.09"))
>
> print(A,quote=F)
>
> invisible()
>
> }
>
> normal.table(columnz,rowz)
>
>
> with many thanks
> Steve
>
> --
> Steven M. Stoline
> 1123 Forest Avenue
> Portland, ME 04112
> sstoline at gmail.com<mailto:sstoline at gmail.com>
>
>
>
> --
> Steven M. Stoline
> 1123 Forest Avenue
> Portland, ME 04112
> sstoline at gmail.com
>
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