Dear Mr Bates
Thanks  very much for all your remarks.

> "1|school/class" is the same as "1|school + 1|class", isn't it?
>
> If the classes have unique labels they are.  Technically the expression
>
> (1 | school/year) expands to (1|school:class) + (1|school)
>
> but if the classes are labeled uniquely then (1|school:class) is the
> same as (1|class)
>

Do you mean that the notation (1|school/class) do not always read "class
nested in school and, both class and school, as random effects" ?

Regards,
Marina

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