[R-sig-ME] Relationship between mixed-effects models and fixed-effects models

[Douglas Bates]

Occasionally I encounter discussions of what are called fixed-effects
models in econometrics but I haven't seen descriptions of the underlying
statistical model.  Can anyone point me to a description of these models,
in particular a description in terms of a probability distribution of the
response? I would be particularly interested in a discussion of how they
relate to mixed-effects models as we think of them in lme4 and nlme.

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