[R-sig-Geo] Seeking help implementing nb2listwdist() to find inverse distance matrix.

[Roger Bivand]

On Wed, 19 May 2021, Jeffrey Boggs wrote:

> Hello,
>
> I am attempting to write R code for the spdep package to reproduce the Moran's I for point data examples found in David Ebdon (1985) Statistics In Geography​, 2nd Edition on pages 161-162, Table 7.11
>
> I am unable to implement the nb2listdist() operation to make an inverse distance weighted matrix. Some of what follows is a solution posted by Dr. Bivand using a slightly different approach ( https://r.789695.n4.nabble.com/troubles-performing-Moran-I-test-td878799.html ). While I have a solution, I still want to also figure out how to use nb2listdistw, too. The relevant part of my code is:
>
> ############################
> id <- c("A","B","C","D","E")
> x <- c(2,1,3,4,5)
> y <- c(5,4,2,1,1)
> z <- c(8,5,10,42,20)
>
> ## Create inverse distance matrix using boring math.
> dij.matrix <- as.matrix(dist(cbind(x, y)))
> inv.dij.matrix <- 1/dij.matrix
> diag(inv.dij.matrix) <- 0
>
> install.packages(  "spdep",
>  "sp",   dependencies = TRUE  )
> library(spdep)
> library(sp)
>
> ## create sparse matrix for spdep::Moran.test
> lw <- mat2listw(inv.dij.matrix)
> lwW2 <- nb2listw(lw$neighbours, glist=lw$weights, style="raw")

This cannot work as there is no style "raw". I guess you mean "B".

>
> ## calculate Moran's I assuming Normality.
> moran.test(z, lwW2, randomisation = FALSE, alternative = "two.sided")

With

lwW2 <- nb2listw(lw$neighbours, glist=lw$weights, style="B")

> moran.test(z, lwW2, randomisation = FALSE, alternative = "two.sided")

 	Moran I test under normality

data:  z
weights: lwW2

Moran I statistic standard deviate = 0.91961, p-value = 0.3578
alternative hypothesis: two.sided
sample estimates:
Moran I statistic       Expectation          Variance
       -0.08248781       -0.25000000        0.03318058



>
> # Everything works! It also mirrors Ebdon's result.
>
> ## Create inverse distance matrix using spdep::nb2listwdist
> arf <- mat2listw(dij.matrix)
> arf2  <- nb2listwdist( arf$neighbours,  z, type = "idw",  style = "raw", longlat = NULL)
>

If you name the arguments, you see that you are missing x (an 'sp' 'sf', 
or 'sfc' object) and passing the variable under analysis z, not the 
points.

> arf2  <- nb2listwdist( arf$neighbours,  x=SpatialPoints(cbind(x, y)), 
type = "idw",  style = "raw")
> moran.test(z, arf2, randomisation = FALSE, alternative = "two.sided")

 	Moran I test under normality

data:  z
weights: arf2

Moran I statistic standard deviate = 0.91961, p-value = 0.3578
alternative hypothesis: two.sided
sample estimates:
Moran I statistic       Expectation          Variance
       -0.08248781       -0.25000000        0.03318058

which looks the same to me.

Hope this helps,

Roger



> ## Calculate Moran's I again.
> moran.test(z, arf, randomisation = FALSE, alternative = "two.sided")
>
> ######################
>
> Sadly, when I run arf2  <- nb2listwdist( arf$neighbours,  z, type = "idw",  style = "raw", longlat = NULL), I get this error message:
>
> Error in UseMethod("st_coordinates") :
>  no applicable method for 'st_coordinates' applied to an object of class "c('double', 'numeric')"
>
> I have found nothing on Google, Stack Exchange, or R-Help to help. So far, manually digging through this newsgroup has turned nothing up. Any help is greatly appreciated.
>
> Regards,
> Jeff Boggs
>
>
> Jeff Boggs | Associate Professor
> Department of Geography & Tourism Studies
> NCO Research Associate & Associate Director | Centre for Canadian Studies
> Brock University
> St. Catharines | Ontario | Canada
>
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>
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-- 
Roger Bivand
Emeritus Professor
Department of Economics, Norwegian School of Economics,
Postboks 3490 Ytre Sandviken, 5045 Bergen, Norway.
e-mail: Roger.Bivand using nhh.no
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2392-6140
https://scholar.google.no/citations?user=AWeghB0AAAAJ&hl=en