[R-sig-Geo] [FORGED] Create a Spatial Weight Matrix based on road distance

Rolando Valdez rv@|dezr @end|ng |rom gm@||@com
Sun Jun 23 08:19:34 CEST 2019


I don't know how exactly works that, but I will try.

Thank you.

El sáb., 22 de jun. de 2019 a la(s) 22:17, Juan Pablo Carranza (
carranzajuanp using gmail.com) escribió:

> Hi all!
> I don't have the specific answer, but I don't appreciate academic bullying
> either. So... here is a way you could take. Go to qgis, calculate road
> distances by network analysis and then add it to your dataframe. Use this
> new variable to weigth the matrix.
> I hope this serves, and I hope Rolf solves what ever is bothering *him*.
> Cheers
>
> Juan Pablo Carranza
> Mgter. en Administración Pública
> Lic. en Economía
>
> El dom., 23 de jun. de 2019 1:16 a. m., Rolf Turner <
> r.turner using auckland.ac.nz> escribió:
>
>> On 23/06/19 3:30 PM, Rolando Valdez wrote:
>> > Sorry again.
>> >
>> > A Spatial Weight Matrix (swm) is an object used in spatial econometrics
>> > to characterize the spatial structure among territories. It is an
>> > element nxn where n is the number of territorial units (counties,
>> > districts, states, cities, regions) in the sample and it could be based
>> > on contiguity or distance. Usually, you can create a swm based on
>> > distance using 'dnearneigh' from spdep and then convert to a listw
>> > through 'nb2listw'. The problem is that the matrix that you generate
>> > trough 'dnearneigh'computes the euclidean distance among centroids of
>> > polygons. This is where I spot my issue, I need to compute the swm
>> using
>> > the road distance instead of euclidean distance computed through
>> > 'dnearneigh'. I do have a shapefile with poligons (counties) and
>> another
>> > shapefile with lines (roads).
>>
>> OK.  It's getting a *bit* clearer ....  You are interested in "road
>> distances" between counties.  I'm still not entirely sure what this
>> means.  Is it the *minimum* distance by road from one county to another?
>> In which case, if two counties are contiguous (adjacent) and there is a
>> road crossing the border between the two, is the distance between the
>> counties equal to zero?  (This doesn't seem like it would be
>> satisfactory ....)
>>
>> If this is not the case, then what *is* the case?  Perhaps you want
>> distances between the *centroids* of the counties.  What then do you
>> mean by road distance when the centroids do not lie on a road?
>>
>> You apparently need to deal with counties in which there are no roads at
>> all.  To handle this you have to define what *you* mean by the distance
>> by road from county A to county B when there are no roads at all in
>> county B.  Perhaps infinity would be the appropriate distance, but *I*
>> don't know; you have to make the call.
>>
>> Previously you indicated that you needed to know (pairwise) road
>> distances between specified points in a given set, and I showed you how
>> to obtain those using pairdist(), from spatstat.  Now it seems that you
>> want something rather different, and it's still not clear what.
>>
>> You need to get *your* thoughts clear; make some definitions and
>> specifications, and decide what you really want or need.
>>
>> It seems that you are expecting R to magically do your thinking for you;
>> it won't!
>>
>> cheers,
>>
>> Rolf
>>
>> > El sáb., 22 de jun. de 2019 a la(s) 20:00, Rolf Turner
>> > (r.turner using auckland.ac.nz <mailto:r.turner using auckland.ac.nz>) escribió:
>> >
>> >
>> >     On 23/06/19 2:38 PM, Rolando Valdez wrote:
>> >
>> >      > I am sorry, I was not clear enough. My goal is to calculate a
>> >     spatial
>> >      > weight matrix (nxn) across counties but, instead of euclidean
>> >     distance,
>> >      > to use road distance.
>> >
>> >     I'm afraid I still don't understand.  To put it mildly. You
>> presumably
>> >     have a clear idea of what you are trying to, but those of us who are
>> >     not
>> >     involved in your research have no such idea.  We (or at least I)
>> >     haven't
>> >     a clue as to what you are talking about.
>> >
>> >     What do you mean by "spatial weight"?  What are these weights used
>> for?
>> >     What is n?  How are the counties involved?  Is n the number of
>> >     counties?
>> >     Are you interested in the road distance (minimum road distance?)
>> >     between
>> >     pairs of counties?
>> >
>> >     Please explain *clearly* and do not expect those who are trying to
>> help
>> >     you to be mind-readers!!!
>> >
>> >     cheers,
>> >
>> >     Rolf
>> >
>> >      >
>> >      > El sáb., 22 de jun. de 2019 a la(s) 19:28, Rolf Turner
>> >      > (r.turner using auckland.ac.nz <mailto:r.turner using auckland.ac.nz>
>> >     <mailto:r.turner using auckland.ac.nz <mailto:r.turner using auckland.ac.nz>>)
>> >     escribió:
>> >      >
>> >      >
>> >      >     On 23/06/19 1:17 PM, Rolando Valdez wrote:
>> >      >
>> >      >      > Thank you for your answer.
>> >      >      >
>> >      >      > I have a shapefile with, say, counties, and I got another
>> >      >     shapefile with
>> >      >      > the roads. ¿What if a county does not intersect any road?
>> >      >
>> >      >     I am sorry, but it is not at all clear to me just what the
>> >     problem is.
>> >      >     How do the counties come into the picture?  You said you
>> >     wanted to get
>> >      >     the road distance between points on the roads.  What have the
>> >     counties
>> >      >     got to do with this?
>> >      >
>> >      >     Can you perhaps provide a reproducible example?
>> >      >
>> >      >     cheers,
>> >      >
>> >      >     Rolf
>> >      >
>> >      >      >
>> >      >      > El jue., 20 de jun. de 2019 a la(s) 19:08, Rolf Turner
>> >      >      > (r.turner using auckland.ac.nz <mailto:r.turner using auckland.ac.nz>
>> >     <mailto:r.turner using auckland.ac.nz <mailto:r.turner using auckland.ac.nz>>
>> >      >     <mailto:r.turner using auckland.ac.nz
>> >     <mailto:r.turner using auckland.ac.nz> <mailto:r.turner using auckland.ac.nz
>> >     <mailto:r.turner using auckland.ac.nz>>>)
>> >      >     escribió:
>> >      >      >
>> >      >      >
>> >      >      >     On 21/06/19 12:26 PM, Rolando Valdez wrote:
>> >      >      >
>> >      >      >      > Dear community,
>> >      >      >      >
>> >      >      >      > Is there any way to create a spatial weight matrix
>> >     based
>> >      >     on road
>> >      >      >     distance?
>> >      >      >      > I am trying to use the road distance between two
>> points
>> >      >     instead of
>> >      >      >      > euclidean distance.
>> >      >      >      >
>> >      >      >      > I've seen that there is a package named osrm. Can
>> >     anyone give
>> >      >      >     some advice?
>> >      >      >
>> >      >      >     I don't know anything about "osrm".  Calculating "road
>> >     distances"
>> >      >      >     can be
>> >      >      >     done in the spatstat package reasonably easily, if you
>> >     take
>> >      >     the trouble
>> >      >      >     to represent your collection of roads as a "linnet"
>> >     object.
>> >      >      >
>> >      >      >     Given that you have done so, suppose that your linnet
>> >     object
>> >      >     is "L" and
>> >      >      >     that you have vectors "x" and "y" specifying the
>> >     points on L
>> >      >     (i.e. on
>> >      >      >     your roads) between which you want to know the
>> distances.
>> >      >      >
>> >      >      >     Do:
>> >      >      >
>> >      >      >           X    <- lpp(data.frame(x=x,y=y),L)
>> >      >      >           dMat <- pairdist(X)
>> >      >      >
>> >      >      >     The object "dMat" is a (symmetric) square matrix;
>> >     dMat[i,j]
>> >      >     is the
>> >      >      >     distance between point i and point j.  (Of course the
>> >      >     diagonal entries
>> >      >      >     are all 0.)
>> >      >      >
>> >      >      >     If your collection of roads is specified by means of a
>> >     shapefile,
>> >      >      >     vignette("shapefiles") will tell you how to turn this
>> >      >     collection into a
>> >      >      >     "psp" ("planar segment pattern") object; the function
>> >     (method)
>> >      >      >     as.linnet.psp() can then be used to turn the "psp"
>> >     object into a
>> >      >      >     "linnet" object.
>> >      >      >
>> >      >      >     HTH
>>
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>

-- 
Rol~

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