[R-sig-Geo] shortestPath in a loop
marta azores
martazores at gmail.com
Fri Feb 3 16:32:55 CET 2017
Hi Chris,
Thanks for your answer. Your solution is perfect. I calculated the length
of the line with the old raster (azoTS1), and the results are close to real
number. It's great.(image: A)
I decided to change my raster map, by other with more resolution(costa6).
The islands are better defined now.
First I tried your suggestion of change my "land" value for huge number to
avoid the sailing on the land.
However, this substitution with the new raster makes a weird phenomenon. It
build new areas with land (image: B).
By this reason, I decided not use it in this case.
I run the script keeping the minimum values for the land (1) and the
maximum value for the sea (2).
Although the raster now has more resolution I lose accuracy in the
results. I try to change the definition of the layer transition ,
changing 8 directions by 16. This move increases the length result.
However, the old results were closer to real number than the new.(image: C)
The line in the old image (A) are smoother than in the new(C). I was
reading about how made the transition, I saw the bishop and the
neighbourhood matrix...but It didn't work to me.
How can I fix that? Any idea?
### download the files available through this link:
https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B7IbvWhE5JNPMVVvNWVwRzNUOXM
2017-01-31 18:11 GMT-01:00 marta azores <martazores at gmail.com>:
> Hi Chris,
> Thanks for your answer. Your solution is perfect. I calculated the length
> of the line with the old raster (azoTS1), and the results are close to
> real number. It's great.(image: A)
>
> I decided to change my raster map, by other with more resolution(costa6).
> The islands are better defined now.
> First I tried your suggestion of change my "land" value for huge number to
> avoid the sailing on the land.
> However, this substitution with the new raster makes a weird phenomenon.
> It build new areas with land (image: B).
> By this reason, I decided not use it in this case.
>
> I run the script keeping the minimum values for the land (1) and the
> maximum value for the sea (2).
> Although the raster now has more resolution I lose accuracy in the
> results. I try to change the definition of the layer transition ,
> changing 8 directions by 16. This move increases the length result.
> However, the old results were closer to real number than the new.(image: C)
>
> The line in the old image (A) are smoother than in the new(C). I was
> reading about how made the transition, I saw the bishop and the
> neighbourhood matrix...but It didn't work to me.
>
> How can I fix that? Any idea?
>
> 2017-01-31 17:25 GMT-01:00 marta azores <martazores at gmail.com>:
>
>> Hi Chris,
>> Thanks for your answer. Your solution is perfect. I calculated the length
>> of the line with the old raster (azoTS1), and the results are close to
>> real number. It's great.(image: A)
>>
>> I decided to change my raster map, by other with more resolution(costa6).
>> The islands are better defined now.
>> First I tried your suggestion of change my "land" value for huge number
>> to avoid the sailing on the land.
>> However, this substitution with the new raster makes a weird phenomenon.
>> It build new areas with land (image: B).
>> By this reason, I decided not use it in this case.
>>
>> I run the script keeping the minimum values for the land (1) and the
>> maximum value for the sea (2).
>> Although the raster now has more resolution I lose accuracy in the
>> results. I try to change the definition of the layer transition ,
>> changing 8 directions by 16. This move increases the length result.
>> However, the old results were closer to real number than the new.(image: C)
>>
>> The line in the old image (A) are smoother than in the new(C). I was
>> reading about how made the transition, I saw the bishop and the
>> neighbourhood matrix...but It didn't work to me.
>>
>> How can I fix that? Any idea?
>>
>> Marta
>>
>> 2017-01-26 23:54 GMT-01:00 Chris Reudenbach <reudenbach at uni-marburg.de>:
>>
>>> Hi Marta
>>>
>>> the content of the costpath variable is just existing in the lapply
>>> loop. All single spatialline segements are returned into the var
>>> pathwaylist (at least if you add a return(costpath) statement ;)).
>>>
>>> To make it a bit easier to understand I have adapted the code snippet.
>>> Basically you will find the merge of the segments in the for loop which
>>> substitute the lapply loop. additionally you may find the comments helpful.
>>>
>>> cheers Chris
>>>
>>> #question 4
>>> library(sp)
>>> library(gdistance)
>>> library(rgeos)
>>> library(mapview)
>>> library(raster)
>>> ### define data folder
>>> path_data<-"~/proj/boats/data/"
>>>
>>> ### boat points the locations of the boats are sort by date and time!
>>> boat <- read.table(paste0(path_data,"boat2905.csv"), header=TRUE,
>>> sep=",", na.strings="NA", dec=".", strip.white=TRUE)
>>> pos<-as.data.frame(cbind(boat$Lat1,boat$Long1))
>>> sp::coordinates(pos) <- ~V2+V1
>>> sp::proj4string(pos) <-CRS("+proj=longlat +datum=WGS84 +no_defs")
>>> ### project it to somewhat equal area
>>> boatSP <- sp::spTransform(pos, CRS("+proj=laea +lat_0=30 +lon_0=-30
>>> +x_0=0 +y_0=0 +a=6370997 +b=6370997 +units=m +no_defs"))
>>> # plot boat positions
>>>
>>> # cost raster sea and island
>>> azoTS1<- raster::raster(paste0(path_data,"azoTS1.tif"))
>>>
>>> ### project it to somewhat equal area
>>> azoTS1<- raster::projectRaster(azoTS1, crs="+proj=laea +lat_0=30
>>> +lon_0=-30 +x_0=0 +y_0=0 +a=6370997 +b=6370997 +units=m +no_defs")
>>>
>>> ###scale real cost file -> makes it MUCH more expansive to sail over
>>> land surfaces
>>> azoTS1[azoTS1 ==2]<-100
>>>
>>> ### increase the spatial resolution
>>> costraw<-raster::disaggregate(azoTS1,fact=c(5, 5))
>>>
>>> # prepare it for analysis
>>> transition<- gdistance::transition(1/costraw, mean, directions=8)
>>> trCostS16 <- gdistance::geoCorrection(transition, type="c")
>>>
>>> ### run first analysis -> will link all boat positions
>>> ### note it will NOT avoid sailing over land because it is forced to do
>>> so by setting the last position on the (rasterized) island
>>> ### first we plot athe interesting detail
>>> # plotting the cost data set
>>> raster::plot(crop(azoTS1, extent(boatSP)+20000))
>>> # ploting the boat positions
>>> raster::plot(boatSP,add=T)
>>>
>>> # calculating the first segment of the whole sailing path
>>> line<- gdistance::shortestPath(trCostS16, boatSP at coords[1,],boatSP at coords[2,],
>>> output="SpatialLines")
>>> lines(line)
>>>
>>> ### here we start with the for-loop
>>> for (i in (seq(2,length(boatSP) - 1))) {
>>> # calculation of the rest of the segements
>>> nextSegment<- gdistance::shortestPath(trCostS16, boatSP at coords
>>> [i,],boatSP at coords[i+1,], output="SpatialLines")
>>> # simple addition combines the single spatialline segements
>>> line <- nextSegment + line
>>> # we plot each new segement
>>> lines(nextSegment)
>>> }
>>>
>>> # note that we have now ten combined line features in this SpatialLines
>>> object
>>> line
>>>
>>> # merge this 10 spatiallines to one line feature
>>> mergedSpatialLine<-rgeos::gLineMerge(line, byid=FALSE, id = NULL)
>>>
>>> # we have now only one line
>>> mergedSpatialLine
>>>
>>> # plot each part of the original line in a different color but as a
>>> combined sp object
>>> lapply(seq(1:length(line)), function(i){raster::plot(line[i],col=i,lwd=2,
>>> add=TRUE)})
>>>
>>> # plot the single (merged) line
>>> plot(mergedSpatialLine,col="blue", lwd=3,add=TRUE)
>>>
>>> # you may use mapview for a "realworld" mapping
>>> mapview::mapview(azoTS1, alpha.regions = 0.5)+
>>> mapview::mapview(boatSP,col = "green", cex=2) +
>>> mapview::mapview(mergedSpatialLine,col = "red")
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> On 26.01.2017 16:28, marta azores wrote:
>>>
>>> Thanks Chris,
>>>
>>>
>>> your answer was very helpful. But I still have two problems.
>>>
>>> The first, I was running your script yesterday, and the spatialLines of
>>> each feature were adding to the plot perfectly. However, I can’t use as
>>> object these spatialLines. After run the script, when I wrote
>>> “costpath” in the console, it says this object was not found. How is that
>>> possible?
>>>
>>> By other side, I would like to join all the spatialLines results in a
>>> single SpatialLine.
>>>
>>> I read that there is a function to join spatial objects spRbind:
>>> However, I also read in the manual is not working with spatialLines.
>>> Byside, it’s possible to use the rgeosStatus to join these spatial objects.
>>> I tried to use this function in your script.
>>>
>>> Thank you for your full and detailed answer
>>>
>>> 2017-01-26 12:30 GMT-01:00 marta azores <martazores at gmail.com>:
>>>
>>>> Thanks Chris,
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> your answer was very helpful. But I still have two problems.
>>>>
>>>> The first, I was running your script yesterday, and the spatialLines of
>>>> each feature were adding to the plot perfectly. However, I can’t use as
>>>> object these spatialLines. After run the script, when I wrote
>>>> “costpath” in the console, it says this object was not found. How is that
>>>> possible?
>>>>
>>>> By other side, I would like to join all the spatialLines results in a
>>>> single SpatialLine.
>>>>
>>>> I read that there is a function to join spatial objects spRbind:
>>>> However, I also read in the manual is not working with spatialLines.
>>>> Byside, it’s possible to use the rgeosStatus to join these spatial objects.
>>>> I tried to use this function in your script.
>>>>
>>>> Thank you for your full and detailed answer
>>>>
>>>> Marta
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> 2017-01-25 9:02 GMT-01:00 Chris Reudenbach <reudenbach at uni-marburg.de>
>>>> <reudenbach at uni-marburg.de>:
>>>>
>>>>> Marta,
>>>>>
>>>>> your problem seems to me more conceptual. The shortestPath
>>>>> implementation of a cost analysis is not exactly want you want. You
>>>>> would choose it if you have to find an unknown path on a friction
>>>>> surface. You would not choose it if you just want to link positions.
>>>>> The
>>>>> shortestPath of your implementation can not avoid to touch the island
>>>>> because you force it to go there. It is a bit more "expensive" in your
>>>>> case 2 units but not forbidden.
>>>>>
>>>>> Nevertheless there are also some technical issues to address: Even if
>>>>> if
>>>>> there is a correction for unprojected data sets it is better to project
>>>>> them because it is more stable to calculate cost on an equal area
>>>>> projection. Than the spatial resolution of the cost raster should be
>>>>> sufficient to meet the distance of the points.
>>>>>
>>>>> You will find below the example code. Note that I assume that the data
>>>>> is an directory as defined by "path_data".
>>>>>
>>>>> The "path will be plotted consecutively in the plotting window.
>>>>>
>>>>> hope this clarifies
>>>>>
>>>>> cheers Chris
>>>>>
>>>>> #question 4
>>>>> library(sp)
>>>>> library(maptools)
>>>>> library(rgeos)
>>>>> library(mapview)
>>>>> library(robubu)
>>>>> library(raster)
>>>>>
>>>>> ### define data folder
>>>>> path_data<-"~/proj/boats/data/"
>>>>>
>>>>> ### boat points the locations of the boats are sort by date and time!
>>>>> boat <- read.table(paste0(path_data,"boat2905.csv"), header=TRUE,
>>>>> sep=",", na.strings="NA", dec=".", strip.white=TRUE)
>>>>> pos<-as.data.frame(cbind(boat$Lat1,boat$Long1))
>>>>> sp::coordinates(pos) <- ~V2+V1
>>>>> sp::proj4string(pos) <-CRS("+proj=longlat +datum=WGS84 +no_defs")
>>>>>
>>>>> ### project it to somewhat equal area
>>>>> boatSP <- sp::spTransform(pos, CRS("+proj=laea +lat_0=30 +lon_0=-30
>>>>> +x_0=0 +y_0=0 +a=6370997 +b=6370997 +units=m +no_defs"))
>>>>>
>>>>> # cost raster sea and island
>>>>> azoTS1<- raster::raster(paste0(path_data,"azoTS1.tif"))
>>>>>
>>>>> ### project it to somewhat equal area
>>>>> azoTS1<- raster::projectRaster(azoTS1, crs="+proj=laea +lat_0=30
>>>>> +lon_0=-30 +x_0=0 +y_0=0 +a=6370997 +b=6370997 +units=m +no_defs")
>>>>>
>>>>> ###scale real cost file -> makes it MUCH more expansive to sail over
>>>>> land surfaces
>>>>> azoTS1[azoTS1 ==2]<-100
>>>>>
>>>>> ### increase the spatial resolution
>>>>> costraw<-disaggregate(azoTS1,fact=c(10, 10))
>>>>>
>>>>> # prepare it for analysis
>>>>> transition<- gdistance::transition(1/costraw, mean, directions=8)
>>>>> trCostS16 <- gdistance::geoCorrection(transition, type="c")
>>>>>
>>>>> ### run first analysis -> will link all boat positions
>>>>> ### note it will NOT avoid sailing over land because it is forced to do
>>>>> so by setting the last position on the (rasterized) island
>>>>> raster::plot(azoTS1)
>>>>> pathwaylist<- lapply(seq(2:length(boatSP)), function(i){
>>>>> costpath<- try(shortestPath(trCostS16,
>>>>> boatSP at coords[i,],boatSP at coords[i-1,], output="SpatialLines"),silent
>>>>> = TRUE)
>>>>> lines(costpath)
>>>>> })
>>>>>
>>>>> ### now we import the species point
>>>>> ### just for showing that the cost analysis will work
>>>>> spcs <- read.table(paste0(path_data,"/sp2pontosDT.csv"), header=TRUE,
>>>>> sep=",", na.strings="NA", dec=".", strip.white=TRUE)#Bom test
>>>>> sp::coordinates(spcs) <- ~Long1+Lat
>>>>> sp::proj4string(spcs) <-CRS("+proj=longlat +datum=WGS84 +no_defs")
>>>>> spcsSP <- sp::spTransform(spcs, CRS("+proj=laea +lat_0=30 +lon_0=-30
>>>>> +x_0=0 +y_0=0 +a=6370997 +b=6370997 +units=m +no_defs"))
>>>>>
>>>>> ### run second analysis -> will link all the two species positions
>>>>> raster::plot(azoTS1)
>>>>> pathwaylist<- lapply(seq(2:length(spcsSP)), function(i){
>>>>> costpath<- try(shortestPath(trCostS16,
>>>>> spcsSP at coords[i,],spcsSP at coords[i-1,], output="SpatialLines"),silent
>>>>> = TRUE)
>>>>> lines(costpath)
>>>>> })
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> On 24.01.2017 21:06, marta azores wrote:
>>>>> > Hi guys,
>>>>> >
>>>>> > I'm still trying to solve my deal. How I can join the survey
>>>>> > boat points using the shortestpath function, to avoid the land. It's
>>>>> > important because I need an output "spatialLines"(boat surveys) to
>>>>> > intersect with points( species points).
>>>>> > I add several files : script and other layers of information.
>>>>> >
>>>>> > Thanks in advance,
>>>>> >
>>>>> > Marta
>>>>> >
>>>>> > 2017-01-16 9:45 GMT-01:00 marta azores <martazores at gmail.com
>>>>> > <mailto:martazores at gmail.com>>:
>>>>> >
>>>>> > Hi Jerome,
>>>>> >
>>>>> > There are several R packages to join points. However, I have two
>>>>> > relevant issues with them.
>>>>> > -The first, I need to get the "Lines" from these tracks in
>>>>> > "spatial Lines". For example, in the adehabitatLT package you can
>>>>> > get easily the trajectories of the animal but with the class "
>>>>> > ltraj". I don't know
>>>>> > how transform this object class into spatial lines.
>>>>> > -The second, when I made the tracks I need to avoid the coast,
>>>>> and
>>>>> > I don't know how do that in adehabitatLT.
>>>>> >
>>>>> > Any idea?
>>>>> >
>>>>> > Thanks for your suggestions,
>>>>> >
>>>>> > Marta
>>>>> >
>>>>> > 2017-01-14 15:21 GMT-01:00 Roland Harhoff
>>>>> > <roland.harhoff at uni-muenster.de
>>>>> > <mailto:roland.harhoff at uni-muenster.de>>:
>>>>> >
>>>>> > Hi Marta,
>>>>> >
>>>>> > and did you check the trajectories package ...?
>>>>> >
>>>>> > https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/trajectories/index.
>>>>> html
>>>>> > <https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/trajectories/index
>>>>> .html>
>>>>> >
>>>>> > Cheers!
>>>>> > Roland
>>>>> >
>>>>> >
>>>>> > Jérome Mathieu schrieb am 2017-01-14:
>>>>> > > Hi,
>>>>> >
>>>>> > > Did you have a look at the package adehabitatLT?
>>>>> >
>>>>> > >
>>>>> > https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/adehabitatLT/vignet
>>>>> tes/adehabitatLT.pdf
>>>>> > <https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/adehabitatLT/vigne
>>>>> ttes/adehabitatLT.pdf>
>>>>> >
>>>>> > > It deals with trajectories based on points ordered by date.
>>>>> >
>>>>> > > Jerome
>>>>> >
>>>>> >
>>>>> > > 2017-01-13 11:41 GMT+01:00 marta azores
>>>>> > <martazores at gmail.com <mailto:martazores at gmail.com>>:
>>>>> >
>>>>> > > > Thanks for your quick reply to my question,
>>>>> > > >
>>>>> > > > This ten points are ordered by time (date + time), and I
>>>>> > know ,the points
>>>>> > > > are all connected. I didn't include the column with the
>>>>> > time in this
>>>>> > > > example, to make it simple.
>>>>> > > >
>>>>> > > > After read your messages, I was looking the minimum
>>>>> > spanning tree for the
>>>>> > > > vertices.
>>>>> > > > The advantage with the function "shortestPath" is that
>>>>> you
>>>>> > have as result a
>>>>> > > > spatial line output, which I need it.
>>>>> > > > However, the minimum spanning tree give as output an
>>>>> ordiplot.
>>>>> > > >
>>>>> > > > Is it possible to transform the ordiplot into
>>>>> spatialLines?
>>>>> > > >
>>>>> > > > Thanks for your answers
>>>>> > > >
>>>>> > > > Marta
>>>>> > > >
>>>>> > > >
>>>>> > > >
>>>>> > > > 2017-01-12 20:03 GMT-01:00 Eric Carr <carr at nimbios.org
>>>>> > <mailto:carr at nimbios.org>>:
>>>>> > > >
>>>>> > > > > Generically independent of R, A graph and the
>>>>> > connectivity between points
>>>>> > > > > needs defined before a shortest path algorithm can be
>>>>> > applied. If it
>>>>> > > > > assumes all points are connected, than the shortest
>>>>> path
>>>>> > will be a
>>>>> > > > straight
>>>>> > > > > line. What you are looking for is some sort of
>>>>> minimum
>>>>> > spanning tree
>>>>> > > > for
>>>>> > > > > the vertices.
>>>>> > > > > Eric
>>>>> > > > >
>>>>> > > > > On Thu, Jan 12, 2017 at 11:17 AM, marta azores
>>>>> > <martazores at gmail.com <mailto:martazores at gmail.com>>
>>>>> > > > > wrote:
>>>>> > > > >
>>>>> > > > >> Dear forum members,
>>>>> > > > >>
>>>>> > > > >> I would like to know how join several points with the
>>>>> > aim to track a
>>>>> > > > ship.
>>>>> > > > >>
>>>>> > > > >> After reading the documentation of some packages, I
>>>>> > decided to use the
>>>>> > > > >> function shortestPath, but I only got the line between
>>>>> > the first and the
>>>>> > > > >> last location of my points list. I need the complete
>>>>> > survey, including
>>>>> > > > also
>>>>> > > > >> the middle points. I try a loop to build the survey of
>>>>> > the boats using
>>>>> > > > >> their locations, but It didn't work to me.
>>>>> > > > >>
>>>>> > > > >>
>>>>> > > > >> Any idea?
>>>>> > > > >>
>>>>> > > > >> Thanks in advance,
>>>>> > > > >>
>>>>> > > > >> Marta
>>>>> > > > >>
>>>>> > > > >> #script# it's also attached in a R.file: question
>>>>> loop2.R
>>>>> > > > >> ##############################
>>>>> ############################
>>>>> > > > >> #
>>>>> > > > >> #raster# it's attached
>>>>> > > > >> azoTS1<- raster("C:/Users/Documents/azo
>>>>> TS1.tif")#wgs84
>>>>> > > > >> #
>>>>> > > > >> #10 points# it's attached
>>>>> > > > >> boat <- read.table("C:/Users/Documents/10pontos.csv",
>>>>> > header=TRUE,
>>>>> > > > >> sep=",", na.strings="NA", dec=".", strip.white=TRUE)#
>>>>> > > > >> head(boat)
>>>>> > > > >>
>>>>> > > > >> #raster to transitionlayer
>>>>> > > > >> trCostS4<- transition(1/azoTS1, mean, directions=4)
>>>>> > > > >>
>>>>> > > > >> # points to spatialpointsdataframe
>>>>> > > > >> x=boat$Long1
>>>>> > > > >> y=boat$Lat1
>>>>> > > > >> coords = cbind(x, y)
>>>>> > > > >> plot(coords)
>>>>> > > > >> sp = SpatialPoints(coords,
>>>>> > proj4string=CRS("+proj=longlat +ellps=WGS84
>>>>> > > > >> +datum=WGS84"), bbox = NULL)
>>>>> > > > >> sp
>>>>> > > > >> spdf=SpatialPointsDataFrame(sp,boat)
>>>>> > > > >> spdf
>>>>> > > > >> nrow(spdf)
>>>>> > > > >> plot(sp,axes=TRUE)
>>>>> > > > >> plot(spdf,add=TRUE, axes=TRUE)
>>>>> > > > >>
>>>>> > > > >> #shortestpath
>>>>> > > > >>
>>>>> > > > >> ## 1) this script only join the first point of the
>>>>> list
>>>>> > and the last
>>>>> > > > one,
>>>>> > > > >> and the points in the middle are not used.
>>>>> > > > >> CostpathSPdf <- shortestPath(trCostS4, spdf[1,],
>>>>> spdf[10,],
>>>>> > > > >> output="SpatialLines")
>>>>> > > > >> plot(CostpathSPdf,add=TRUE,axe
>>>>> s=TRUE,col=2)#R_plot1.png
>>>>> > (it's attached)
>>>>> > > > >>
>>>>> > > > >> ## 2) this script didn't work to me
>>>>> > > > >>
>>>>> > > > >> #first way from website:
>>>>> http://stackoverflow.com/quest
>>>>> > > > >> ions/8127066/loop-or-sapply-fu
>>>>> nction-for-multiple-least-
>>>>> > > > >> cost-analysis-in-r?answertab=active#tab-top
>>>>> > > > >> for(i in 1:nrow(spdf)) {
>>>>> > > > >> # Computation
>>>>> > > > >> Costpath <- shortestPath(trCostS4, spdf[i,],
>>>>> spdf[10,],
>>>>> > > > >> output="SpatialLines")
>>>>> > > > >> plot(Costpath)
>>>>> > > > >>
>>>>> > > > >> }
>>>>> > > > >>
>>>>> > > > >> #Error in validObject(.Object) :
>>>>> > > > >> #invalid class “SpatialLines” object: bbox should
>>>>> never
>>>>> > contain infinite
>>>>> > > > >> values
>>>>> > > > >>
>>>>> > > > >> _______________________________________________
>>>>> > > > >> R-sig-Geo mailing list
>>>>> > > > >> R-sig-Geo at r-project.org <mailto:
>>>>> R-sig-Geo at r-project.org>
>>>>> > > > >> https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-sig-geo
>>>>> > <https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-sig-geo>
>>>>> > > > >>
>>>>> > > > >
>>>>> > > > >
>>>>> > > >
>>>>> > > > [[alternative HTML version deleted]]
>>>>> > > >
>>>>> > > > _______________________________________________
>>>>> > > > R-sig-Geo mailing list
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>>>>> > <https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-sig-geo>
>>>>> > > >
>>>>> >
>>>>> >
>>>>> >
>>>>> > > --
>>>>> > > Jérôme Mathieu <http://www.jerome-mathieu.com/
>>>>> > <http://www.jerome-mathieu.com/>>
>>>>> > > Université Pierre & Marie Curie <http://www.upmc.fr/>
>>>>> > > Institute of Ecology and Environmental Science (Paris)
>>>>> > > <https://ieesparis.ufr918.upmc.fr/
>>>>> > <https://ieesparis.ufr918.upmc.fr/>>
>>>>> > > Team EERI
>>>>> >
>>>>> > > 4 place Jussieu
>>>>> > > Tour 44-45, 5th floor, door 514
>>>>> > > 75005 Paris
>>>>> >
>>>>> > > tel: 01 44 27 34 22
>>>>> >
>>>>> > > [[alternative HTML version deleted]]
>>>>> >
>>>>> > > _______________________________________________
>>>>> > > R-sig-Geo mailing list
>>>>> <http://www.jerome-mathieu.com/>> > R-sig-Geo at r-project.org
>>>>> <mailto:R-sig-Geo at r-project.org>
>>>>> > > https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-sig-geo
>>>>> > <https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-sig-geo>
>>>>> >
>>>>> >
>>>>> >
>>>>> >
>>>>> >
>>>>> > _______________________________________________
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>>>>> > https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-sig-geo
>>>>>
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>>>>> <R-sig-Geo at r-project.org> <R-sig-Geo at r-project.org>
>>>>> <https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-sig-geo>
>>>>> <R-sig-Geo at r-project.org> <carr at nimbios.org>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> _______________________________________________
>>> R-sig-Geo mailing listR-sig-Geo at r-project.orghttps://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-sig-geo
>>>
>>>
>>> --
>>> Dr Christoph Reudenbach, Philipps-University of Marburg, Faculty of Geography, GIS and Environmental Modeling, Deutschhausstr. 10, D-35032 Marburg, fon: ++49.(0)6421.2824296 <+49%206421%202824296>, fax: ++49.(0)6421.2828950 <+49%206421%202828950>, web: gis-ma.org, giswerk.org, moc.environmentalinformatics-marburg.de
>>>
>>>
>>
>
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