[R-sig-Geo] spgrass6, readVECT and overwriting ?
Rainer M Krug
Rainer at krugs.de
Wed Oct 28 18:54:17 CET 2015
Mathieu Rajerison <mathieu.rajerison at gmail.com> writes:
> Yes, you're right. I should export directly from GRASS.
>
> When doing :
>
> for (i in 1:3) {
> f <- readVECT("f")
> }
>
> I get :
> with_c: argument reversed from version 0.7-11 and in GRASS 6
> ERREUR :Layer <f> already exists in OGR data source
> 'D:/GRASSDB/paca/mapset/.tmp'
> OGR data source with driver: ESRI Shapefile
> Source: "D:/GRASSDB/paca/mapset/.tmp", layer: "f"
> with 1 features
> It has 5 fields
> with_c: argument reversed from version 0.7-11 and in GRASS 6
> ERREUR :Layer <f> already exists in OGR data source
> 'D:/GRASSDB/paca/mapset/.tmp'
> OGR data source with driver: ESRI Shapefile
> Source: "D:/GRASSDB/paca/mapset/.tmp", layer: "f"
> with 1 features
> It has 5 fields
> with_c: argument reversed from version 0.7-11 and in GRASS 6
> ERREUR :Layer <f> already exists in OGR data source
> 'D:/GRASSDB/paca/mapset/.tmp'
> OGR data source with driver: ESRI Shapefile
> Source: "D:/GRASSDB/paca/mapset/.tmp", layer: "f"
> with 1 features
> It has 5 fields
> Warning messages:
> 1: running command 'v.out.ogr.exe -e -c input=f type=area layer=1
> dsn=D:/GRASSDB/paca/mapset/.tmp olayer=f format=ESRI_Shapefile' had status
> 1
> 2: running command 'v.out.ogr.exe -e -c input=f type=area layer=1
> dsn=D:/GRASSDB/paca/mapset/.tmp olayer=f format=ESRI_Shapefile' had status
> 1
> 3: running command 'v.out.ogr.exe -e -c input=f type=area layer=1
> dsn=D:/GRASSDB/paca/mapset/.tmp olayer=f format=ESRI_Shapefile' had status
> 1
>
This looks wrong. Could you please run a reproducible example using one
of the sample datasets, i.e.
1) start grass 6.4 and selsct a sample dataset as kocation
2) in the grass session start R
3) library(spgrass6)
4) for (i in 1:3) {x <- readVECT("soil")}
and send the transcript and the error messages?
Thanks,
Rainer
> -----------------
> sessionInfo() :
> R version 3.1.2 (2014-10-31)
> Platform: x86_64-w64-mingw32/x64 (64-bit)
>
> locale:
> [1] LC_COLLATE=French_France.1252 LC_CTYPE=French_France.1252
> LC_MONETARY=French_France.1252
> [4] LC_NUMERIC=C LC_TIME=French_France.1252
>
> attached base packages:
> [1] stats graphics grDevices utils datasets methods base
>
> other attached packages:
> [1] R.utils_2.1.0 R.oo_1.19.0 R.methodsS3_1.7.0 igraph_1.0.1
> gdalUtils_2.0.1.7
> [6] spdep_0.5-88 Matrix_1.2-2 maptools_0.8-34 spgrass6_0.8-8
> XML_3.98-1.3
> [11] rgeos_0.3-8 FNN_1.1 rgdal_0.9-2 raster_2.3-40
> sp_1.0-17
> [16] RStoolbox_0.1.1
>
> loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
> [1] boot_1.3-13 car_2.0-25 caret_6.0-57 coda_0.18-1
> codetools_0.2-9
> [6] colorspace_1.2-6 deldir_0.1-9 digest_0.6.8
> doParallel_1.0.8 foreach_1.4.2
> [11] foreign_0.8-61 geosphere_1.4-3 ggplot2_1.0.1 grid_3.1.2
> gtable_0.1.2
> [16] iterators_1.0.7 lattice_0.20-29 LearnBayes_2.15 lme4_1.1-10
> magrittr_1.5
> [21] MASS_7.3-35 MatrixModels_0.4-1 mgcv_1.8-3 minqa_1.2.4
> munsell_0.4.2
> [26] nlme_3.1-118 nloptr_1.0.4 nnet_7.3-8
> parallel_3.1.2 pbkrtest_0.4-2
> [31] plyr_1.8.3 proto_0.3-10 quantreg_5.19 Rcpp_0.12.0
> reshape2_1.4.1
> [36] scales_0.2.5 SparseM_1.7 splines_3.1.2 stats4_3.1.2
> stringi_0.5-5
> [41] stringr_1.0.0 tools_3.1.2
>
> 2015-10-28 16:16 GMT+01:00 Rainer M Krug <Rainer at krugs.de>:
>
>> Mathieu Rajerison <mathieu.rajerison at gmail.com> writes:
>>
>> > Before was the code that works.
>> >
>> > Below is the code that generates issues :
>> >
>> > (sorry the multiple posts)
>> >
>> > for (id in 1:length(grids)) {
>> >
>> > (...)
>> >
>> > ## SMOOTH
>> > print(">> SMOOTH")
>> > smoothed = smooth(sieved, 9)
>> > values(smoothed)[values(smoothed) > 0] = 1
>> > values(smoothed)[values(smoothed)==0] = NA
>> >
>> > ## THIN
>> > # WRITE TO GRASS
>> > writeRAST(as(smoothed, "SpatialGridDataFrame"), "bdtopo", zcol="layer",
>> > flags=c("overwrite"))
>> > execGRASS("g.region", rast="bdtopo")
>> > execGRASS("r.thin", parameters=list(input="bdtopo", output="thin"),
>> > flags=c("overwrite"))
>> > thin = raster(readRAST("thin"))
>> >
>> > ## CLEAN
>> > execGRASS("r.to.vect", parameters=list(input="thin", output="thin",
>> > feature="line"), flags=c("overwrite"))
>> > execGRASS("v.clean", parameters=list(input="thin", tool="rmdangle",
>> > output="clean", thresh=20), flags=c("overwrite"))
>> >
>> > cleaned = readVECT("clean")
>> >
>> > ## EXPORT
>> > writeOGR(cleaned, "OUT/CLEANED", id, "ESRI Shapefile")
>> > }
>>
>> OK. So what you are doing is in a loop
>>
>> write a raster to grass
>> calculations in GRASS
>> read result vector layer into R
>>
>> And the error occurs in
>>
>> cleaned = readVECT("clean")
>>
>> as temporary files during the readVECT are not cleaned up and not
>> overwritten - correct?
>>
>> Then the rest is irrelevant.
>>
>> You can reproduce it by doing
>>
>> for (i in 1:10) {
>> x <- readVECT("vectorLayerInSampleDataset")
>> }
>>
>> Could you try this and see if it works in a sample dataset?
>>
>> If it does, the error comes from somewhere else.
>>
>>
>> Under grass 7 it works:
>>
>> ,----
>> | 03:37:37 {master} ~/ownCompiled/emacs-mac$ grass70
>> | Cleaning up temporary files...
>> | Starting GRASS GIS...
>> |
>> | __________ ___ __________ _______________
>> | / ____/ __ \/ | / ___/ ___/ / ____/ _/ ___/
>> | / / __/ /_/ / /| | \__ \\_ \ / / __ / / \__ \
>> | / /_/ / _, _/ ___ |___/ /__/ / / /_/ // / ___/ /
>> | \____/_/ |_/_/ |_/____/____/ \____/___//____/
>> |
>> | Welcome to GRASS GIS 7.0.1
>> | GRASS GIS homepage: http://grass.osgeo.org
>> | This version running through: Bash Shell (/usr/local/bin/bash)
>> | Help is available with the command: g.manual -i
>> | See the licence terms with: g.version -c
>> | If required, restart the GUI with: g.gui wxpython
>> | When ready to quit enter: exit
>> |
>> | Launching <wxpython> GUI in the background, please wait...
>> | GRASS 7.0.1 (nc_basic_spm_grass7):~/ownCompiled/emacs-mac > R
>> |
>> | R version 3.2.2 (2015-08-14) -- "Fire Safety"
>> | Copyright (C) 2015 The R Foundation for Statistical Computing
>> | Platform: x86_64-apple-darwin14.5.0 (64-bit)
>> |
>> | R is free software and comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.
>> | You are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions.
>> | Type 'license()' or 'licence()' for distribution details.
>> |
>> | Natural language support but running in an English locale
>> |
>> | R is a collaborative project with many contributors.
>> | Type 'contributors()' for more information and
>> | 'citation()' on how to cite R or R packages in publications.
>> |
>> | Type 'demo()' for some demos, 'help()' for on-line help, or
>> | 'help.start()' for an HTML browser interface to help.
>> | Type 'q()' to quit R.
>> |
>> | > library(rgrass7)
>> | Loading required package: sp
>> | Loading required package: XML
>> | GRASS GIS interface loaded with GRASS version: GRASS 7.0.1 (2015)
>> | and location: nc_basic_spm_grass7
>> | > x <- readVECT("streams")
>> | Exporting 8554 features...
>> | 100%
>> | v.out.ogr complete. 8554 features (Line String type) written to <streams>
>> | (ESRI_Shapefile format).
>> | OGR data source with driver: ESRI Shapefile
>> | Source:
>> "/Users/rainerkrug/nc_basic_spm_grass7/PERMANENT/.tmp/Rainers-MacBook-Pro.local",
>> layer: "streams"
>> | with 8554 features
>> | It has 14 fields
>> | > x <- readVECT("streams")
>> | Exporting 8554 features...
>> | 100%
>> | v.out.ogr complete. 8554 features (Line String type) written to <streams>
>> | (ESRI_Shapefile format).
>> | OGR data source with driver: ESRI Shapefile
>> | Source:
>> "/Users/rainerkrug/nc_basic_spm_grass7/PERMANENT/.tmp/Rainers-MacBook-Pro.local",
>> layer: "streams"
>> | with 8554 features
>> | It has 14 fields
>> | >
>> `----
>>
>>
>> and also under grass-64:
>>
>> ,----
>> | > library(spgrass6)
>> | Loading required package: sp
>> | Loading required package: XML
>> | GRASS GIS interface loaded with GRASS version: GRASS 6.4.4 (2014)
>> | and location: spearfish60
>> | > x_readVECT("soils")
>> | Error: could not find function "x_readVECT"
>> | > x <- readVECT("soils")
>> | with_c: argument reversed from version 0.7-11 and in GRASS 6
>> | Exporting 737 areas (may take some time)...
>> | 100%
>> | WARNING: 1 features without attributes were written
>> | v.out.ogr complete. 737 features written to <soils> (ESRI_Shapefile).
>> | OGR data source with driver: ESRI Shapefile
>> | Source:
>> "/Users/rainerkrug/spearfish60/user1/.tmp/Rainers-MacBook-Pro.local",
>> layer: "soils"
>> | with 737 features
>> | It has 2 fields
>> | Warning message:
>> | In execGRASS("v.out.ogr", flags = flags, input = vname, type = type, :
>> | The command:
>> | v.out.ogr -e -c input=soils type=area layer=1
>> dsn=/Users/rainerkrug/spearfish60/user1/.tmp/Rainers-MacBook-Pro.local
>> olayer=soils format=ESRI_Shapefile
>> | produced at least one warning during execution:
>> | Exporting 737 areas (may take some time)...
>> | 100%
>> | WARNING: 1 features without attributes were written
>> | v.out.ogr complete. 737 features written to <soils> (ESRI_Shapefile).
>> | > plot(x)
>> | > plot(x)
>> | > x <- readVECT("soils")
>> | with_c: argument reversed from version 0.7-11 and in GRASS 6
>> | Exporting 737 areas (may take some time)...
>> | 100%
>> | WARNING: 1 features without attributes were written
>> | v.out.ogr complete. 737 features written to <soils> (ESRI_Shapefile).
>> | OGR data source with driver: ESRI Shapefile
>> | Source:
>> "/Users/rainerkrug/spearfish60/user1/.tmp/Rainers-MacBook-Pro.local",
>> layer: "soils"
>> | with 737 features
>> | It has 2 fields
>> | Warning message:
>> | In execGRASS("v.out.ogr", flags = flags, input = vname, type = type, :
>> | The command:
>> | v.out.ogr -e -c input=soils type=area layer=1
>> dsn=/Users/rainerkrug/spearfish60/user1/.tmp/Rainers-MacBook-Pro.local
>> olayer=soils format=ESRI_Shapefile
>> | produced at least one warning during execution:
>> | Exporting 737 areas (may take some time)...
>> | 100%
>> | WARNING: 1 features without attributes were written
>> | v.out.ogr complete. 737 features written to <soils> (ESRI_Shapefile).
>> | >
>> `----
>>
>>
>> Also: if you want to export it to a shape file, why do you import it
>> into R and save it afterwards? Why not write it directly from GRASS as a
>> shape file?
>>
>> Cheers,
>>
>> Rainer
>>
>> >
>> > 2015-10-28 14:18 GMT+01:00 Mathieu Rajerison <
>> mathieu.rajerison at gmail.com>:
>> >
>> >> Mr Krug,
>> >>
>> >>
>> >> It is difficult to reproduce an example from the spearfish dataset as it
>> >> doesn't natively contain data in it close to the one I used.
>> >>
>> >> To give you th context, my goal is to detect all blue features : rivers
>> >> from a topographic map, ie 3-band RGB raster.
>> >>
>> >> With RStoolbox, I perform a Spectral Angle Classification of my data
>> using
>> >> sample points located on (near)blue pixels
>> >>
>> >> With GRASS, I then thin, vectorize and clean the result.
>> >>
>> >> As the process must be performed on a very large scale, I split it using
>> >> grids where sample RGB parts of the topo map are extracted with
>> >> gdal_translate. Everything is executed within a loop. At the end of the
>> >> loop, I export the resulted cleant shapefile in a folder. At the end, I
>> >> have as many shapefiles as processing grids.
>> >>
>> >> That's why I use temporary vector datasets inside GRASS that are
>> >> overwritten at each loop instead of storing each individual result. I
>> >> noticed that in my process, the vector data read in the grass database
>> was
>> >> not correct : always the first one. Because in fact, it didn't manage to
>> >> delete the temporary file before writing the new one..
>> >>
>> >> The best I can do, is give you part of the code as as you can see the
>> >> context.
>> >>
>> >> Thanks for the code improvements with file.remove and unlink !
>> >>
>> >> Cheers,
>> >>
>> >> Mathieu
>> >>
>> >> for (id in 1:length(grids)) {
>> >>
>> >> (...)
>> >>
>> >> ## SMOOTH
>> >> print(">> SMOOTH")
>> >> smoothed = smooth(sieved, 9)
>> >> values(smoothed)[values(smoothed) > 0] = 1
>> >> values(smoothed)[values(smoothed)==0] = NA
>> >>
>> >> ## THIN
>> >> # WRITE TO GRASS
>> >> writeRAST(as(smoothed, "SpatialGridDataFrame"), "bdtopo",
>> zcol="layer",
>> >> flags=c("overwrite"))
>> >> execGRASS("g.region", rast="bdtopo")
>> >> execGRASS("r.thin", parameters=list(input="bdtopo", output="thin"),
>> >> flags=c("overwrite"))
>> >> thin = raster(readRAST("thin"))
>> >>
>> >> ## CLEAN
>> >> execGRASS("r.to.vect", parameters=list(input="thin", output="thin",
>> >> feature="line"), flags=c("overwrite"))
>> >> execGRASS("v.clean", parameters=list(input="thin", tool="rmdangle",
>> >> output="clean", thresh=20), flags=c("overwrite"))
>> >>
>> >> # REMOVE FILES
>> >> G = gmeta()
>> >> tmpDir = file.path(G$GISDBASE, G$LOCATION_NAME, G$MAPSET, ".tmp")
>> >> file.remove( list.files(path = tmpDir, Pattern ="^clean.*$",
>> full.names
>> >> = TRUE))
>> >>
>> >> # READ TO SPDF
>> >> execGRASS("v.out.ogr", parameters=list(input="clean", type="line",
>> >> dsn=tmpDir, olayer="clean", format="ESRI_Shapefile"))
>> >> cleaned = readOGR(tmpDir, "clean")
>> >>
>> >> ## EXPORT
>> >> writeOGR(cleaned, "OUT/CLEANED", id, "ESRI Shapefile")
>> >> }
>> >>
>> >> 2015-10-27 14:11 GMT+01:00 Rainer M Krug <Rainer at krugs.de>:
>> >>
>> >>> Mathieu Rajerison <mathieu.rajerison at gmail.com> writes:
>> >>>
>> >>> > Dear Mr Krug,
>> >>> >
>> >>>
>> >>> I'll Cc the R-sig-geo list in to keep the conversation there for future
>> >>> reference and for other users who might have the same problem.
>> >>>
>> >>> > Sorry in advance for my english.
>> >>>
>> >>> Don't worry abut your English - it is perfectly fine.
>> >>>
>> >>> >
>> >>> > My question was not about debugging, but about a potentiel generic
>> >>> > behaviour of spgrass6.
>> >>> >
>> >>> > I should have reformulated my question in a simpler manner : does
>> >>> spgrass6
>> >>> > allow overwriting an existing dataset when using readVECT function ?
>> >>>
>> >>> The functions readVect / RAST are using temporary files - you are
>> right,
>> >>> but they should delete these upon exit. So if they do nbot do this, it
>> >>> is a bug.
>> >>>
>> >>> >
>> >>> > 1) no version information about R and GRASS (there are several GRASS
>> 6
>> >>> > versions)
>> >>> > I've just put it at the end of this post.
>> >>> > 2) no session information i.e. package versions used
>> >>> > the latest spgrass6
>> >>> > 3) no information about the OS (I guess it is windows based on the
>> >>> > Source path above)
>> >>> > you're right
>> >>>
>> >>> OK - thanks.
>> >>>
>> >>> > 4) no reproducible example which could be easily done by using the
>> GRASS
>> >>>
>> >>> As I said - if you manually have to delete the temporary files, then
>> >>> there is a bug in the package. Could you please provide a reproducible
>> >>> example, using one of the example data sets from GRASS, so that I can
>> >>> look at it?
>> >>>
>> >>> > 5) as far as I can see, in the newest version of spgrass6 there is no
>> >>> > function readVECT()
>> >>> > Yes, there is, as you will see on page 14 of the documentation.
>> >>>
>> >>> Sorry - overlooked it.
>> >>>
>> >>> >
>> >>> > Finally, I solved the problem by using the following hint, "clean"
>> being
>> >>> > the name of my temporary shapefile dataset :
>> >>> > l = list.files("D:/GRASSDB/paca/mapset/.tmp", "^clean.*$"); l =
>> >>> > file.path("D:/GRASSDB/paca/mapset/.tmp", l)
>> >>> > lapply(l, file.remove)
>> >>> > execGRASS("v.out.ogr", parameters=list(input="clean", type="line",
>> >>> > dsn="D:/GRASSDB/paca/mapset/.tmp", olayer="clean",
>> >>> format="ESRI_Shapefile"))
>> >>>
>> >>> OK - reformated, the code looks as follow:
>> >>>
>> >>> --8<---------------cut here---------------start------------->8---
>> >>> l = list.files("D:/GRASSDB/paca/mapset/.tmp", "^clean.*$")
>> >>> l = file.path("D:/GRASSDB/paca/mapset/.tmp", l)
>> >>> lapply(l, file.remove)
>> >>> execGRASS( "v.out.ogr",
>> >>> parameters=list(input="clean",
>> >>> type="line",dsn="D:/GRASSDB/paca/mapset/.tmp", olayer="clean",
>> >>> format="ESRI_Shapefile"))
>> >>> --8<---------------cut here---------------end--------------->8---
>> >>>
>> >>> as a side note, you should be able to do
>> >>>
>> >>> file.remove( list.files(path = "D:/GRASSDB/paca/mapset/.tmp", Pattern =
>> >>> "^clean.*$", full.names = TRUE) )
>> >>>
>> >>> or
>> >>>
>> >>> unlink("D:/GRASSDB/paca/mapset/.tmp/clean.*")
>> >>>
>> >>> instead of the first three commands.
>> >>>
>> >>> Now - in your example, you don't use the readVECT() function?
>> >>>
>> >>> If you check in the GRASS help for v.out.ogr, you can specify the
>> >>> overwrite flag and the exported layer will be overwritten.
>> >>>
>> >>> But I have the feeling you are doing something in a to complicated way.
>> >>>
>> >>> What is it you want to do, and e=what is the problem you have or the
>> >>> error message you get?
>> >>>
>> >>> Cheers,
>> >>>
>> >>> Rainer
>> >>>
>> >>> >
>> >>> >
>> >>> >> R.Version()
>> >>> > $platform
>> >>> > [1] "x86_64-w64-mingw32"
>> >>> > $arch
>> >>> > [1] "x86_64"
>> >>> > $os
>> >>> > [1] "mingw32"
>> >>> >
>> >>> > $system
>> >>> > [1] "x86_64, mingw32"
>> >>> > (...)
>> >>> > $version.string
>> >>> > [1] "R version 3.1.2 (2014-10-31)"
>> >>> > $nickname
>> >>> > [1] "Pumpkin Helmet"
>> >>> >
>> >>> > I will happily look int this if you can provide the necessary info.
>> >>> >
>> >>> > Cheers,
>> >>> >
>> >>> > Mathieu
>> >>> >
>> >>> > 2015-10-24 13:34 GMT+02:00 Rainer M Krug <Rainer at krugs.de>:
>> >>> >
>> >>> >> Mathieu Rajerison <mathieu.rajerison at gmail.com> writes:
>> >>> >>
>> >>> >> > Hi,
>> >>> >> >
>> >>> >> > I'm using spgrass6 and I use readVECT function in a loop.
>> >>> >> >
>> >>> >> > Using it causes an error because it doesn't overwrite the the
>> >>> temporary
>> >>> >> > shapefile..
>> >>> >> >
>> >>> >> >> thin = readVECT(vname="zoneBDTOPOthin")
>> >>> >> > with_c: argument reversed from version 0.7-11 and in GRASS 6
>> >>> >> > ERROR :Layer <zoneBDTO> already exists in OGR data source
>> >>> >> > 'D:/GRASSDB/paca/mapset/.tmp'
>> >>> >> > OGR data source with driver: ESRI Shapefile
>> >>> >> > Source: "D:/GRASSDB/paca/mapset/.tmp", layer: "zoneBDTO"
>> >>> >> > with 770 features
>> >>> >> > It has 3 fields
>> >>> >> > Warning message:
>> >>> >> > running command 'v.out.ogr.exe -e -c input=zoneBDTOPOthin2
>> type=line
>> >>> >> > layer=1 dsn=D:/GRASSDB/paca/mapset/.tmp olayer=zoneBDTO
>> >>> >> > format=ESRI_Shapefile' had status 1
>> >>> >> >
>> >>> >> >
>> >>> >> > I wonder how to specify to spgrass that I want to overwrite the
>> file
>> >>> in
>> >>> >> > readVECT, although I know using execGRASS and v.out.ogr with the
>> >>> >> > appropriate overwrite flags would do the job.
>> >>> >> >
>> >>> >> > Thanks in advance for the answer..
>> >>> >>
>> >>> >> One reason why probably nobody replied is that
>> >>> >>
>> >>> >> 1) no version information about R and GRASS (there are several
>> GRASS 6
>> >>> >> versions)
>> >>> >> 2) no session information i.e. package versions used
>> >>> >> 3) no information about the OS (I guess it is windows based on the
>> >>> >> Source path above)
>> >>> >> 4) no reproducible example which could be easily done by using the
>> >>> GRASS
>> >>> >> 5) as far as I can see, in the newest version of spgrass6 there is
>> no
>> >>> >> function readVECT()
>> >>> >>
>> >>> >> So I would suggest to provide the info and give a reproducible
>> example
>> >>> >> using a GRASS sample dataset
>> >>> >> (see https://grass.osgeo.org/download/sample-data/ - the Spearfish
>> >>> >> dataset is probably the best)
>> >>> >>
>> >>> >> I will happily look int this if you can provide the necessary info.
>> >>> >>
>> >>> >> Cheers,
>> >>> >>
>> >>> >> Rainer
>> >>> >>
>> >>> >> >
>> >>> >> > Mathieu
>> >>> >> >
>> >>> >> > [[alternative HTML version deleted]]
>> >>> >> >
>> >>> >> > _______________________________________________
>> >>> >> > R-sig-Geo mailing list
>> >>> >> > R-sig-Geo at r-project.org
>> >>> >> > https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-sig-geo
>> >>> >>
>> >>> >> --
>> >>> >> Rainer M. Krug, PhD (Conservation Ecology, SUN), MSc (Conservation
>> >>> >> Biology, UCT), Dipl. Phys. (Germany)
>> >>> >>
>> >>> >> Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology
>> >>> >> Stellenbosch University
>> >>> >> South Africa
>> >>> >>
>> >>> >> Tel : +33 - (0)9 53 10 27 44
>> >>> >> Cell: +33 - (0)6 85 62 59 98
>> >>> >> Fax : +33 - (0)9 58 10 27 44
>> >>> >>
>> >>> >> Fax (D): +49 - (0)3 21 21 25 22 44
>> >>> >>
>> >>> >> email: Rainer at krugs.de
>> >>> >>
>> >>> >> Skype: RMkrug
>> >>> >>
>> >>> >> PGP: 0x0F52F982
>> >>> >>
>> >>>
>> >>> --
>> >>> Rainer M. Krug, PhD (Conservation Ecology, SUN), MSc (Conservation
>> >>> Biology, UCT), Dipl. Phys. (Germany)
>> >>>
>> >>> Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology
>> >>> Stellenbosch University
>> >>> South Africa
>> >>>
>> >>> Tel : +33 - (0)9 53 10 27 44
>> >>> Cell: +33 - (0)6 85 62 59 98
>> >>> Fax : +33 - (0)9 58 10 27 44
>> >>>
>> >>> Fax (D): +49 - (0)3 21 21 25 22 44
>> >>>
>> >>> email: Rainer at krugs.de
>> >>>
>> >>> Skype: RMkrug
>> >>>
>> >>> PGP: 0x0F52F982
>> >>>
>> >>
>> >>
>>
>> --
>> Rainer M. Krug, PhD (Conservation Ecology, SUN), MSc (Conservation
>> Biology, UCT), Dipl. Phys. (Germany)
>>
>> Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology
>> Stellenbosch University
>> South Africa
>>
>> Tel : +33 - (0)9 53 10 27 44
>> Cell: +33 - (0)6 85 62 59 98
>> Fax : +33 - (0)9 58 10 27 44
>>
>> Fax (D): +49 - (0)3 21 21 25 22 44
>>
>> email: Rainer at krugs.de
>>
>> Skype: RMkrug
>>
>> PGP: 0x0F52F982
>>
--
Rainer M. Krug, PhD (Conservation Ecology, SUN), MSc (Conservation Biology, UCT), Dipl. Phys. (Germany)
Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology
Stellenbosch University
South Africa
Tel : +33 - (0)9 53 10 27 44
Cell: +33 - (0)6 85 62 59 98
Fax : +33 - (0)9 58 10 27 44
Fax (D): +49 - (0)3 21 21 25 22 44
email: Rainer at krugs.de
Skype: RMkrug
PGP: 0x0F52F982
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