[R-sig-Geo] efficient code/function for rectangular SP weight Matrix and gwr

[Roger Bivand]

On Fri, 11 May 2007, Stéphane Dray wrote:

> Hi Sam,
> 
> I think that this question is quite general and could interest other 
> people, including me, with very different aims. I have developed a 
> method to look for the relationships between two data sets that have 
> been sampled on the same area but for different locations. In my 
> example, the two samples are two polygons layers. In this approach, I 
> compute a rectangular weighting matrix where each weight correspond to 
> the area of intersection between polygons of each layer. I have used 
> also the matrix form to store these weights (my data set was very small 
> compared to you). I remember that Roger was also interested by these 
> rectangular weights in another context. Here we  have different  problems:
> - how to compute these kind  of weights
> - how to store them.
> 
> For the first point, I think that for each method/application, the 
> solution  is different. We could develop/extend classical tools for 
> square weights (one set of spatial units) to rectangular weights (two 
> sets of spatial units).
> For the second one, It would be probably interesting to define a class 
> of object in spdep. nb objects are lists, and I think that it would be 
> the solution for rectangular neighborhood.
> 
> If I consider two sets of spatial units (A and B) where the number of 
> units is equal to na and nb.  We could store the neighbors in a list of 
> length 2. The first element of this list is a list of length na. In this 
> list, the j-th element is a vector of the neighbors of the j-th unit of 
> the layer A. These neighbors are spatial units of the layer B.  The 
> second element of the global list is a list of length nb where each 
> element is a vector of neighbors.
> 
> I think that we have to think to a class of object that could be useful 
> for everybody dealing with this kind of rectangular weights. If this 
> class is properly defined (second point), we could then develop tools to 
> construct this kind of neighborhoods (first point). The eventual 
> extension to more than two data sets could also be taken into account in 
> this reflexion.
> 

I would welcome input on this. I'm looking at an alternative weights 
representation through classes in the Matrix package, which is evolving 
fast, and which seems to be promising. If the dimnames slot is used to 
hold the region.id values, it might be possible to make progress.

Best wishes,

Roger

> Cheers,
> 
> 
> Sam Field wrote:
> > List,
> >
> > I need to create a rectangular spatial weight matrix for a set of n and 
> > m objects. I quickly run in to memory allocation problems when 
> > constructing the full matrix in a single pass. I am looking for a more 
> > efficient way of doing this. There appears to be efficient procedures in 
> > spdep for constructing SQUARE spatial weight matrices (e.g. 
> > dnearneigh()). Are there analogous procedures for constructing distance 
> > based weights between two different point patterns? I am doing this in 
> > preparation for implementing an approximate geographically weighted 
> > logistic regression procedure. I was thinking about using re sampling 
> > procedure as an inferential frame- perhaps I might get some feedback. 
> > This is what I was going to do.
> >
> > I have a point pattern of 30,000 diabetic people based on where they 
> > lived during a 2 year period. During that period, approximately 4% of 
> > them developed diabetes. I am interested in isolating the impact of 
> > ecological factors on the geographic variation" of the disease, so it is 
> > necessary to control for the spatial clustering of individual level risk 
> > factors associated with the disease (diabetes).
> >
> > Step 1: Estimate a logistic regression using the full sample and predict 
> > incidence diabetes using individual level covariates (i.e. who developed 
> > diabetes over the two year period).
> >
> > Step 2. Estimate a weighted logit model at each location (grid). The 
> > observations would be the people (not the geographic units) and the 
> > weights would be kernel weights based on distance. The model would only 
> > contain a single freely estimated parameter, the intercept, but it would 
> > also contain an offset term. For each patient, the offset term would 
> > simply be an evaluation of the linear predictor of the global model 
> > estimated above (based on the observed covariate values), but without 
> > the intercept. This would effectively fix the estimates of the patient 
> > level coefficients to their global values, requiring only a local 
> > estimate of the intercept. My hope is that I could interpret geographic 
> > variability in the intercept as evidence for a "location effect" net of 
> > the patient composition or "risk profile" at a particular location. It 
> > would probably make sense to center the X variables so that the 
> > intercept was interpretable and estimated in a region of the response 
> > plane where their is plenty of data. I would let the other covariates 
> > vary as well, but I doubt the model could be estimated in large portions 
> > of the study area because of sparse data.
> >
> > Step 3. If I were going to do inference on the location specific 
> > intercepts, I would generate a sampling distribution at each location by 
> > re sampling from the global model, and repeat Step 2 for each randomly 
> > drawn sample. This would give me a local sampling distribution of 
> > intercept estimates at each location and I could compare it to the the 
> > single one generated from the observed data. The global model represents 
> > a kind of null because the intercept is fixed to its global value and 
> > geographic variability is driven entirely by the spatial clustering of 
> > patient level factors.
> >
> >
> > thanks!
> >
> > Sam
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > R-sig-Geo mailing list
> > R-sig-Geo at stat.math.ethz.ch
> > https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-sig-geo
> >
> >
> >   
> 
> 
> 

-- 
Roger Bivand
Economic Geography Section, Department of Economics, Norwegian School of
Economics and Business Administration, Helleveien 30, N-5045 Bergen,
Norway. voice: +47 55 95 93 55; fax +47 55 95 95 43
e-mail: Roger.Bivand at nhh.no