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    <p class="MsoNormal">Hi all,</p>
    <p class="MsoNormal">I use rugarch package 1.2-9 to measure rice
      price volatility volatility with GARCH model including external
      regressor in the variance model. This package works well, however,
      it seems like the result doesn’t response to change in value of
      external regressors. </p>
    <p class="MsoNormal">I test 2 external regressors: </p>
    <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst"
      style="margin-left:18.0pt;mso-add-space:
      auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><span
        style="mso-fareast-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial"><span
          style="mso-list:Ignore">1.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times
            New Roman"">    </span></span></span>A matrix of dummy
      variable containing only 0 and 1</p>
    <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast"
      style="margin-left:18.0pt;mso-add-space:auto;
      text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><span
        style="mso-fareast-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial"><span
          style="mso-list:Ignore">2.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times
            New Roman"">    </span></span></span>Cross-sectional
      stock level to price return data (attached)</p>
    <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:0cm">Here is the code that I
      use. Can anybody advise me what’s wrong?<br>
      Thanks a lot in advance.<br>
      Best Regards,<br>
      Dessy<br>
    </p>
    <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:0cm"><br>
    </p>
    <p class="MsoListParagraph"
      style="margin-left:18.0pt;mso-add-space:auto;
      text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2"><b
        style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span
          style="mso-fareast-font-family:Arial;
          mso-bidi-font-family:Arial"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">1.<span
              style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">    </span></span></span></b><b
        style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">With dummy variable (0 and
        1) as external regressor<o:p></o:p></b></p>
    <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;
      text-align:left;text-indent:0cm;line-height:normal" align="left"><span
        style="font-size: 9.0pt;font-family:"Lucida
        Console";mso-fareast-font-family:"Arial Unicode
        MS"; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial"># where the dummy variable
        is define as:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
    <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;
      margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;

      text-indent:0cm;line-height:normal" align="left"><span
        style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family: "Lucida
        Console";mso-fareast-font-family:"Arial Unicode
        MS";mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">mat <- matrix(, nrow =
        n.row, ncol = 1)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
    <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;
      margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;

      text-indent:0cm;line-height:normal" align="left"><span
        style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family: "Lucida
        Console";mso-fareast-font-family:"Arial Unicode
        MS";mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">for(i in 1:652){<o:p></o:p></span></p>
    <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;
      margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;

      text-indent:0cm;line-height:normal" align="left"><span
        style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family: "Lucida
        Console";mso-fareast-font-family:"Arial Unicode
        MS";mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><span
          style="mso-spacerun:yes">  </span>mat[i,] <- 0<o:p></o:p></span></p>
    <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;
      margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;

      text-indent:0cm;line-height:normal" align="left"><span
        style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family: "Lucida
        Console";mso-fareast-font-family:"Arial Unicode
        MS";mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">}<o:p></o:p></span></p>
    <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;
      margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;

      text-indent:0cm;line-height:normal" align="left"><span
        style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family: "Lucida
        Console";mso-fareast-font-family:"Arial Unicode
        MS";mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">for(i in 501:n.row){<o:p></o:p></span></p>
    <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;
      margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;

      text-indent:0cm;line-height:normal" align="left"><span
        style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family: "Lucida
        Console";mso-fareast-font-family:"Arial Unicode
        MS";mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><span
          style="mso-spacerun:yes">  </span>mat[i,] <- 1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
    <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;
      margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;

      text-indent:0cm;line-height:normal" align="left"><span
        style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family: "Lucida
        Console";mso-fareast-font-family:"Arial Unicode
        MS";mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">}<o:p></o:p></span></p>
    <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;
      text-align:left;text-indent:0cm;line-height:normal" align="left"><span
        style="font-size: 9.0pt;font-family:"Lucida
        Console";mso-fareast-font-family:"Arial Unicode
        MS"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Arial Unicode MS""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
    <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;
      text-align:left;text-indent:0cm;line-height:normal" align="left"><span
        style="font-size: 9.0pt;font-family:"Lucida
        Console";mso-fareast-font-family:"Arial Unicode
        MS"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Arial Unicode MS"">spec2
        <- ugarchspec(<o:p></o:p></span></p>
    <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;
      margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;

      text-indent:0cm;line-height:normal" align="left"><span
        style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family: "Lucida
        Console";mso-fareast-font-family:"Arial Unicode
        MS";mso-bidi-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS"">variance.model
        = <o:p></o:p></span></p>
    <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;
      margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;

      text-indent:0cm;line-height:normal" align="left"><span
        style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family: "Lucida
        Console";mso-fareast-font-family:"Arial Unicode
        MS";mso-bidi-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS"">list(model
        = "fGARCH", garchOrder = c(1,1), submodel = “GARCH”,
        external.regressors = mat, variance.targeting = FALSE), <o:p></o:p></span></p>
    <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;
      margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;

      text-indent:0cm;line-height:normal" align="left"><span
        style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family: "Lucida
        Console";mso-fareast-font-family:"Arial Unicode
        MS";mso-bidi-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS"">mean.model
        = <o:p></o:p></span></p>
    <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;
      margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;

      text-indent:0cm;line-height:normal" align="left"><span
        style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family: "Lucida
        Console";mso-fareast-font-family:"Arial Unicode
        MS";mso-bidi-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS"">list(armaOrder
        = c(12,0), external.regressors = NULL), distribution.model =
        "norm")<o:p></o:p></span></p>
    <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;
      text-align:left;text-indent:0cm;line-height:normal" align="left"><span
        style="font-size: 9.0pt;font-family:"Lucida
        Console";mso-fareast-font-family:"Arial Unicode
        MS"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Arial Unicode MS"">fit
        = ugarchfit(spec = spec2, data=xz)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
    <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;
      margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;

      text-indent:0cm;line-height:normal" align="left"><span
        style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family: "Lucida
        Console";mso-fareast-font-family:"Arial Unicode
        MS";mso-bidi-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
    <p class="MsoListParagraph"
      style="margin-left:18.0pt;mso-add-space:auto;
      text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2"><o:p></o:p><b
        style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span
          style="mso-fareast-font-family:Arial;
          mso-bidi-font-family:Arial"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">2.<span
              style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">    </span></span></span></b><b
        style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">With cross<span
          style="mso-spacerun:yes">  </span>sectional stock level
        estimation as external regressor<o:p></o:p></b></p>
    <p class="MsoNormal"
      style="margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0cm;
      line-height:normal"><span
        style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Lucida Console""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
    <p class="MsoNormal"
      style="margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0cm;
      line-height:normal"><span
        style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Lucida Console"">#
        matrix m is cross sectional stock level data<o:p></o:p></span></p>
    <p class="MsoNormal"
      style="margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0cm;
      line-height:normal"><span
        style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Lucida Console"">m
        <- matrix(cross)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
    <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;
      margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;

      text-indent:0cm;line-height:normal" align="left"><span
        style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial
        Unicode MS";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
    <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;
      text-align:left;text-indent:0cm;line-height:normal" align="left"><span
        style="font-size: 9.0pt;font-family:"Lucida
        Console";mso-fareast-font-family:"Arial Unicode
        MS"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Arial Unicode MS"">spec2
        <- ugarchspec(<o:p></o:p></span></p>
    <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;
      margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;

      text-indent:0cm;line-height:normal" align="left"><span
        style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family: "Lucida
        Console";mso-fareast-font-family:"Arial Unicode
        MS";mso-bidi-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS"">variance.model
        = <o:p></o:p></span></p>
    <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;
      margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;

      text-indent:0cm;line-height:normal" align="left"><span
        style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family: "Lucida
        Console";mso-fareast-font-family:"Arial Unicode
        MS";mso-bidi-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS"">list(model
        = "fGARCH", garchOrder = c(1,1), submodel = “GARCH”,
        external.regressors = m, variance.targeting = FALSE), <o:p></o:p></span></p>
    <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;
      margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;

      text-indent:0cm;line-height:normal" align="left"><span
        style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family: "Lucida
        Console";mso-fareast-font-family:"Arial Unicode
        MS";mso-bidi-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS"">mean.model
        = <o:p></o:p></span></p>
    <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;
      margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;

      text-indent:0cm;line-height:normal" align="left"><span
        style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family: "Lucida
        Console";mso-fareast-font-family:"Arial Unicode
        MS";mso-bidi-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS"">list(armaOrder
        = c(12,0), external.regressors = NULL), distribution.model =
        "norm")<o:p></o:p></span></p>
    <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;
      text-align:left;text-indent:0cm;line-height:normal" align="left"><span
        style="font-size: 9.0pt;font-family:"Lucida
        Console";mso-fareast-font-family:"Arial Unicode
        MS"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Arial Unicode MS"">fit
        = ugarchfit(spec = spec2, data=xz)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
    <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;
      margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;

      text-indent:0cm;line-height:normal" align="left"><span
        style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family: "Lucida
        Console";mso-fareast-font-family:"Arial Unicode
        MS";mso-bidi-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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