Hello R users,
I am fitting spatial point process models in spatstat  using ppm and my models 
actually contain spatial covariates. The results  of the models are returned 
with some levels of the covariates absent.  eg when I fit a model with "aspect" 
using:

ppm(points, ~aspect, covariates=list(aspect=aspect))

the results give coefficients for "North"," South", "East",... but there is no 
coefficient for "West". Does this mean West has zero effect?

Regards,

--------
Mike Chi Jiang.


      
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