I am wanting to do an analysis of variance on the following data (a snippet
of a larger dataset) to determine whether the factor BirdCall has a
significant effect on Responses.

Location    Time    BirdCall    Responses
field1        morning    human        3
field1        evening    human        5
field1        morning    recording    4
field1        evening    recording    8
field2        morning    human        1
field2        evening    human        3
field2        morning    recording    2
field2        evening    recording    2
field3        morning    human        4
field3        evening    human        5
field3        morning    recording    6
field3        evening    recording    9

Since Location is fully crossed with both factors, I am wondering if I need
to specify the error term for BirdCall as follows:

aov(Responses ~ BirdCall + Error(Location/BirdCall), data=bsurvey)

Or can I simply do

aov(Responses ~ Birdcall, data=bsurvey)

Not only is there a large difference in the anova output, but the latter
method prevents me from doing the post-hoc Tukey test.

And likewise with a two-way anova,

aov(Responses ~ BirdCall*Time + Error(Location/(BirdCall*Time)),
data=bsurvey)
?

Thanks in advance for any confirmation of the correct method.

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