Hi all
 
I’m in desperate need of help. I’m working with a grouped data object, called Orthodont in the nlme package in R, and am trying to fit various models (learning methods for my thesis), but one of the variables in the object is numeric, (age) and I need it to be a factor. I’ve tried: as.factor(Orthodont$age)
as.factor(as.character(Orthodont$age))
 
and various other things, but when I then check the class of the variables using 
sapply(Orthodont, data.class)
I still get age as numeric…
 
Also, sex is a factor, but for the models I’m fitting I need it to be coded as a binary variable with values (-1) for males and (+1) for females, and I don’t know how to do this either. Please help-I’m losing my mind….!

 
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