Hi, Shiva, The idea of reject inference is very simple. Let's assume a credit card environment. There are 100 applicants, out of which 50 will be approved and booked in. Therefore, we can only observe the adverse behavior, such as default and delinquency, of 50 booked accounts. Again, let's assume out of 50 booked cards, 5 are bad(default / delinquency). A normal thought is to build a model to "cherry pick" bad guys and then apply the same model to all applicants. However, we can only observed the behavior of the applicants booked, which is 50, but not all applicants, which is 100. Therefore, the model result looks better than what it is supposed to be. This is so-called 'sample bias'. The same thing can happen to healthcare or direct marketing as well. Luckily enough, many people have done some excellent work on this problem. Please do some readings by Heckman. Greene in NYU has paper in this area as well. And I believe there is also implementation in R. If you use SAS(large in industry), take a look at proc qlim. HTH. -- =============================== WenSui Liu Acquisition Risk, Chase Email : wensui.x.liu@chase.com Blog : statcompute.spaces.live.com =============================== [[alternative HTML version deleted]]