Dear Rusers, I want to standardise the values of x/y coordinates to the unit square, i.e. make the x-values all lie within [0,1] and all the y-values lie within [0,1] in the bottom example. I had thought to use scale() function to do it, but it seems that it's used to standardise a variable and the scaled value was not within [0,1]. OR, i can divide x/y-values by their maximum value to get it. I'm not sure about it.#Example data data <- matrix(1:10, nc=2) data<-as.data.frame(data) names(data)<-c('x','y')> data x y 1 1 6 2 2 7 3 3 8 4 4 9 5 5 10 I'd appreciate your help. -- Kind Regards, John Chang [[alternative HTML version deleted]]