library(lme4) data <- c( 287,283,261,298,302,280, 211,272,222,285,253,252, 266,252,287,266,255,269, 299,310,285,296,310,301, 288,265,273,285,252,259, 295,299,285,288,281,303) rt.df <- data.frame(rt=data, rep = factor(rep(paste("rep",1:3, sep=""),12)), prepost = factor(rep(c(rep("pre",3),rep("post",3)),6)), subj = factor(rep(paste("subj",1:6,sep=""),c(6,6,6,6,6,6))), Group = factor(c(rep("Treat",18),rep("Control",18)))) fm1 <- lmer(rt ~ Group*prepost + (1|subj), rt.df) fm1