Dear All,
   
  I am using lmer to fit a glmm model using the PQL approximation.
  My data is not a  Bernoulli (0/1) but a binomial one. The first thing I noticed is that the method gives me the approximated covariance matrix for the random effects but nothing about the residuals. In addition, I have the following estimation that I do not know what  deos it mean: 
  Estimated scale (compare to  1 )  75043946. 
   
  However, when I use  the glmmPQL method to fit this model then the  problem doesn't arise, i.e. I have the estimated covariance matrix for the random effects as well as the standard deviation of the residuals. I would be very grateful for any comments and/or explanation.
   
  Thank you in advance,
   
  Bernard
   
   

 		
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