The other thing that you have to be aware of is that 8^n is not 8 multiplied
by itself n times.  You are probably using logs to compute this.  Here is a
sample of 8^(1:20). The value of 8^2 is 64.000000000000004 (not exactly an
integer); roundoff errors are apparent in the other values.

> 8^(1:20)
 [1] 8.0000000000000000e+00 6.4000000000000004e+01 5.1200000000000001e+02
4.0960000000000001e+03
 [5] 3.2768000000000002e+04 2.6214400000000002e+05 2.0971519999999999e+06
1.6777215999999999e+07
 [9] 1.3421772800000000e+08 1.0737418240000001e+09 8.5899345920000005e+09
6.8719476736000003e+10
[13] 5.4975581388799997e+11 4.3980465111039999e+12 3.5184372088832001e+13
2.8147497671065600e+14
[17] 2.2517998136852482e+15 1.8014398509481984e+16 1.4411518807585588e+17
1.1529215046068471e+18
>

On 1/30/06, Ionut Florescu <ifloresc@stevens.edu> wrote:
>
> I am a statistician and I come up to an interesting problem in
> cryptography. I would like to use R since there are some statistical
> procedures that I need to use.
> However, I run into a problem when using the modulus operator %%.
>
> I am using R 2.2.1 and when I calculate modulus for large numbers (that
> I need with my problem) R gives me warnings. For instance if one does:
> a=1:40;
> 8^a %% 41
> one obtains zeros which is not possible since 8 to any power is not a
> multiple of 41.
> In addition when working with numbers larger that this and with the mod
> operator R crashes randomly.
>
> I believe this is because R stores large integers as real numbers thus
> there may be lack of accuracy when applying the modulus operator and
> converting back to integers.
>
> So my question is this: Is it possible to increase the size of memory
> used for storing integers? Say from 32 bits to 512 bits (Typical size of
> integers in cryptography).
>
> Thank you, any help would be greatly appreciated.
> Ionut Florescu
>
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--
Jim Holtman
Cincinnati, OH
+1 513 247 0281

What the problem you are trying to solve?

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