You have reached the maximum value that can be stored accurately in a
floating point number.  That is what the error message is telling you.  I
get 21 warnings and this says that at 8^20 I am now truncating digits in the
variable.  You only have about 54 bits in the floating point number and you
exceed this about 8^19.

> a=1:40;
> 8^a %% 41
 [1]  8 23 20 37  9 31  2 16  5 40 33 18 21  4 32 10 39 25 36  1  8 23 20
37  9 31  2 16  5 40 33
[32] 18 21  4 32 10  0  0  0  0
There were 21 warnings (use warnings() to see them)
> warnings()
Warning messages:
1: probable complete loss of accuracy in modulus
2: probable complete loss of accuracy in modulus
3: probable complete loss of accuracy in modulus
4: probable complete loss of accuracy in modulus
5: probable complete loss of accuracy in modulus
6: probable complete loss of accuracy in modulus
7: probable complete loss of accuracy in modulus
8: probable complete loss of accuracy in modulus
9: probable complete loss of accuracy in modulus
10: probable complete loss of accuracy in modulus
11: probable complete loss of accuracy in modulus
12: probable complete loss of accuracy in modulus
13: probable complete loss of accuracy in modulus
14: probable complete loss of accuracy in modulus
15: probable complete loss of accuracy in modulus
16: probable complete loss of accuracy in modulus
17: probable complete loss of accuracy in modulus
18: probable complete loss of accuracy in modulus
19: probable complete loss of accuracy in modulus
20: probable complete loss of accuracy in modulus
21: probable complete loss of accuracy in modulus
>
> 8^35
[1] 4.056482e+31
> 8^36
[1] 3.245186e+32
> 8^19
[1] 1.441152e+17
> 8^19%%41
[1] 36
> 8^20
[1] 1.152922e+18
> 8^20%%41
[1] 1
Warning message:
probable complete loss of accuracy in modulus
>



On 1/30/06, Ionut Florescu <ifloresc@stevens.edu> wrote:
>
> I am a statistician and I come up to an interesting problem in
> cryptography. I would like to use R since there are some statistical
> procedures that I need to use.
> However, I run into a problem when using the modulus operator %%.
>
> I am using R 2.2.1 and when I calculate modulus for large numbers (that
> I need with my problem) R gives me warnings. For instance if one does:
> a=1:40;
> 8^a %% 41
> one obtains zeros which is not possible since 8 to any power is not a
> multiple of 41.
> In addition when working with numbers larger that this and with the mod
> operator R crashes randomly.
>
> I believe this is because R stores large integers as real numbers thus
> there may be lack of accuracy when applying the modulus operator and
> converting back to integers.
>
> So my question is this: Is it possible to increase the size of memory
> used for storing integers? Say from 32 bits to 512 bits (Typical size of
> integers in cryptography).
>
> Thank you, any help would be greatly appreciated.
> Ionut Florescu
>
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>



--
Jim Holtman
Cincinnati, OH
+1 513 247 0281

What the problem you are trying to solve?

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