Dear R, Run following commands and you will find last two command result is same. n1 <- 1 print(n1) typeof(n1) is.integer(n1) is.numeric(n1) n1 <- as.integer(n1) print(n1) typeof(n1) is.integer(n1) is.numeric(n1) Regards, Agha Babar Khan [[alternative HTML version deleted]]