[R] Error: invalid type (closure) for the variable 'time' - object specific trend

Tobias Christoph s3tochri at uni-bayreuth.de
Sat May 13 12:51:30 CEST 2017


Hey David,

thanks for your reply.

Maybe the time -function is related to the plm-package. In R the 
function of time is declared as the following:


    Sampling Times of Time Series


      Description

|time|creates the vector of times at which a time series was sampled.

|cycle|gives the positions in the cycle of each observation.

|frequency|returns the number of samples per unit time and|deltat|the 
time interval between observations (see|ts 
<http://127.0.0.1:35865/help/library/stats/help/ts>|).


      Usage

time(x, ...)
## Default S3 method:
time(x, offset = 0, ...)

cycle(x, ...)
frequency(x, ...)
deltat(x, ...)

So the error was definitely not caused by a misspelling of an existing 
column-name.

Please see attached: _str(R_Test_log_Neu) & library()_

Hope it helps,

Toby

* > **str(R_Test_log_Neu)* Classes ‘tbl_df’, ‘tbl’ and 'data.frame':	132 obs. of  4 variables:
  $ town   : num  1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
  $ year   : num  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ...
  $ revenue: num  39.9 43.3 44 43.2 39.1 ...
  $ supply : num  1 1 1 1 1 1 35 101 181 323 ...



  *Pakete in Library*  ‘C:/Users/Tobias Christoph/Documents/R/win-library/3.3’:

assertthat
          Easy pre and post
          assertions.
bdsmatrix
          Routines for
          Block Diagonal
          Symmetric
          matrices
BH       Boost C++ Header
          Files
car      Companion to
          Applied
          Regression
curl     A Modern and
          Flexible Web
          Client for R
Formula
          Extended Model
          Formulas
hms      Pretty Time of
          Day
lazyeval
          Lazy
          (Non-Standard)
          Evaluation
lme4     Linear
          Mixed-Effects
          Models using
          'Eigen' and S4
lmtest   Testing Linear
          Regression Models
MatrixModels
          Modelling with
          Sparse And Dense
          Matrices
minqa    Derivative-free
          optimization
          algorithms by
          quadratic
          approximation
nloptr   R interface to
          NLopt
Paneldata
          Linear models for
          panel data
pbkrtest
          Parametric
          Bootstrap and
          Kenward Roger
          Based Methods for
          Mixed Model
          Comparison
plm      Linear Models for
          Panel Data
plmDE    Additive
          partially linear
          models for
          differential gene
          expression
          analysis
quantreg
          Quantile
          Regression
R.methodsS3
          S3 Methods
          Simplified
R.oo     R Object-Oriented
          Programming with
          or without
          References
R6       Classes with
          Reference
          Semantics
Rcpp     Seamless R and
          C++ Integration
RcppEigen
          'Rcpp'
          Integration for
          the 'Eigen'
          Templated Linear
          Algebra Library
readr    Read Rectangular
          Text Data
readxl   Read Excel Files
sandwich
          Robust Covariance
          Matrix Estimators
SparseM
          Sparse Linear
          Algebra
tibble   Simple Data
          Frames
zoo      S3 Infrastructure
          for Regular and
          Irregular Time
          Series (Z's
          Ordered
          Observations)

  Pakete in Library ‘C:/Program Files/R/R-3.3.3/library’:

base     The R Base
          Package
boot     Bootstrap
          Functions
          (Originally by
          Angelo Canty for
          S)
class    Functions for
          Classification
cluster
          "Finding Groups
          in Data": Cluster
          Analysis Extended
          Rousseeuw et al.
codetools
          Code Analysis
          Tools for R
compiler
          The R Compiler
          Package
datasets
          The R Datasets
          Package
foreign
          Read Data Stored
          by Minitab, S,
          SAS, SPSS, Stata,
          Systat, Weka,
          dBase, ...
graphics
          The R Graphics
          Package
grDevices
          The R Graphics
          Devices and
          Support for
          Colours and Fonts
grid     The Grid Graphics
          Package
KernSmooth
          Functions for
          Kernel Smoothing
          Supporting Wand &
          Jones (1995)
lattice
          Trellis Graphics
          for R
MASS     Support Functions
          and Datasets for
          Venables and
          Ripley's MASS
Matrix   Sparse and Dense
          Matrix Classes
          and Methods
methods
          Formal Methods
          and Classes
mgcv     Mixed GAM
          Computation
          Vehicle with
          GCV/AIC/REML
          Smoothness
          Estimation
nlme     Linear and
          Nonlinear Mixed
          Effects Models
nnet     Feed-Forward
          Neural Networks
          and Multinomial
          Log-Linear Models
parallel
          Support for
          Parallel
          computation in R
rpart    Recursive
          Partitioning and
          Regression Trees
spatial
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          Kriging and Point
          Pattern Analysis
splines
          Regression Spline
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stats    The R Stats
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stats4   Statistical
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survival
          Survival Analysis
tcltk    Tcl/Tk Interface
tools    Tools for Package
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utils    The R Utils
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Am 12.05.2017 um 22:12 schrieb David Winsemius:
>> On May 12, 2017, at 7:40 AM, Tobias Christoph <s3tochri at uni-bayreuth.de> wrote:
>>
>> Hey guys,
>>
>> thanks a lot for your tips. The regression is finally running. As you
>> said, I had to integrate the column "year" in the function "time" in R.
>>
>> So I used the following formula: *plm(log(revenue) ~ log(supply) +
>> factor(town)*time(year), data=R_Test_log_Neu)*
>>
>> So I have now sucessfully added a linear trend to my regression model?
>> Another question that concernes me is how to add a quadratic trend
>> instead of a linear trend. Can I just square the column "year"?
> It's difficult to respond to these questions. It appears you have either created a function named `time` or loaded a package that contains such a named function. Several of the origianl responders thought it might be a misspelling of an existing column name.
>
> One might guess from the output that `time` represents a linear value from a factor-variable across the values of the "year" column. You should probably NOT "just square column 'year'". That will probably construct non-orthogonal dependencies between "time" and "time"^2. The usual method in ordinary linear regression  is to use the "poly" function. In your case however the puzzle about what that `time` function looks like prevents much further comment.
>
> To support informed discussion on this matter you MUST provide:
>
> --- code that includes all the needed library() calls to load packages or to build a time function.
> --- str(R_Test_log_Neu)
>
>


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