[R] Dynamic reference, right-hand side of function
PIKAL Petr
petr.pikal at precheza.cz
Thu Dec 7 09:57:59 CET 2017
Hi
I am just curious why not to set proper form of object directly when you read it to R?
Based on your example
aa_2000 <- as.vector(as.matrix(read.csv(text="1,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0", header=FALSE)))
or perhaps
> aa_2000<-unlist(read.csv(text="1,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0", header=FALSE))
> is.vector(aa_2000)
[1] TRUE
But as others pointed out you should understand what are R objects and how you could use them.
When you want to read several files to R, my concept would be to put them in separate directory, change the working directory in R to this directory with my files,
?setwd
make vector of file names
myfiles <- list.files()
?list.files
and iterate through this vector of files
for (i in myfiles) {
do read stuff
do transform stuff
do concatenation stuff
}
to end with one object (list, data.frame, ...) which is suitable for further analysis and/or manipulation.
Cheers
Petr
> -----Original Message-----
> From: R-help [mailto:r-help-bounces at r-project.org] On Behalf Of Love Bohman
> Sent: Tuesday, December 5, 2017 1:23 AM
> To: Jeff Newmiller <jdnewmil at dcn.davis.ca.us>
> Cc: r-help at r-project.org; peter dalgaard <pdalgd at gmail.com>
> Subject: Re: [R] Dynamic reference, right-hand side of function
>
> Hi again!
> I know you don't find loops evil (well, at least not diabolic :-) ). (After many
> hours googling I have realized that thinking about loops rather than lists is a
> newbie thing we Stata-users do, I just jokingly pointed it out). Anyway, I'm
> really happy that you try to teach me some R-manners. Since I still get
> questions about what the h**k I mean by my strange question, I sort it out with
> an example:
>
> I had a number of matrices, named in a consecutive manner:
>
> aa_2000 <- as.matrix(read.csv(text="1,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0", header=FALSE))
> aa_2001 <- as.matrix(read.csv( text="0,0,0,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0",
> header=FALSE))
> aa_2002 <- as.matrix(read.csv( text="1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0",
> header=FALSE))
>
> I needed them to be vectors, and they weren't:
>
> is.vector(aa_2000)
>
> I finally solved it with this loop (well, I admit I shaped up the last line thanks to
> William Dunlap):
>
> for (year in 2000:2002){
> varname <- paste0("aa_",year)
> assign(varname, as.vector(eval(as.name(varname))))
> }
>
> The loop obviously solved the problem:
>
> is.vector(aa_2000)
>
> However, you have taught me that I should have solved it more elegant with a
> data list:
>
> bb_2000 <- as.matrix(read.csv(text="1,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0", header=FALSE))
> bb_2001 <- as.matrix(read.csv( text="0,0,0,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0",
> header=FALSE))
> bb_2002 <- as.matrix(read.csv( text="1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0",
> header=FALSE))
>
> is.vector(bb_2000)
>
> datanames <- paste0("bb_", 2000:2002)
> datalist <- lapply(datanames, get)
> is.vector(datalist[1])
>
>
> I learned a lot of code today, and I really appreciate it! A million thanks!
> My R-superpowers are, well, not as minuscule as when I woke up this morning.
>
> All the best,
> Love (or maybe LoveR, my future superhero name)
>
>
>
> -----Ursprungligt meddelande-----
> Från: Jeff Newmiller [mailto:jdnewmil at dcn.davis.ca.us]
> Skickat: den 5 december 2017 00:01
> Till: Love Bohman <love.bohman at sociology.su.se>
> Kopia: peter dalgaard <pdalgd at gmail.com>; r-help at r-project.org
> Ämne: Re: [R] Dynamic reference, right-hand side of function
>
> Loops are not evil, and no-one in this thread said they are. But I believe your
> failure to provide a reproducible example is creating confusion, since you may
> be using words that mean one thing to you and something else to the readers
> here.
>
> ################################
> # A reproducible example includes a tiny set of sample data # Since we cannot
> reproducibly refer to filenames (your directories # and files in them are unlikely
> to be like mine), I will # use a little trick to read from data in the example:
>
> dta <- read.csv( text=
> "1.1,3.0,5,7.4,4,2.2,0
> ", header=FALSE)
> str(dta)
> #> 'data.frame': 1 obs. of 7 variables:
> #> $ V1: num 1.1
> #> $ V2: num 3
> #> $ V3: int 5
> #> $ V4: num 7.4
> #> $ V5: int 4
> #> $ V6: num 2.2
> #> $ V7: int 0
>
> # note that I did not use "data" as the name because # there is a commonly-
> used function by that name in R # that could be confused with your variable
>
> # if you have your object already in memory, you can use the # dput function to
> create R code that will re-create it in our # working environments.
>
> dput( dta )
> #> structure(list(V1 = 1.1, V2 = 3, V3 = 5L, V4 = 7.4, V5 = 4L,
> #> V6 = 2.2, V7 = 0L), .Names = c("V1", "V2", "V3", "V4", "V5",
> #> "V6", "V7"), class = "data.frame", row.names = c(NA, -1L))
>
> # which you can put a variable name in front of in your example code:
>
> dtasample <- structure(list( V1 = 1.1, V2 = 3, V3 = 5L , V4 = 7.4, V5 = 4L, V6 =
> 2.2, V7 = 0L ) , .Names = c( "V1"
> , "V2", "V3", "V4", "V5", "V6", "V7" ), class = "data.frame"
> , row.names = c(NA, -1L) )
>
> # and starting with that line you can make a self-contained # (reproducible)
> example for us to investigate your problem with
>
> # Note that reading a single row of data into R usually gets # a data frame,
> which looks like a matrix but is not a matrix.
> # Read the Introduction to R about these two types carefully.
> # Each column in a data frame can have a different type of data, # but in a
> vector or a matrix all rows and columns must be of # the same type.
>
> dtam <- as.matrix( dta )
>
> # If you have any values that R cannot clearly identify as numeric # or integer,
> then the next most general type of variable is # character... and that is often
> something that trips up newbies, # though I have no evidence that you have
> any non-numeric columns # in your data frames.
>
> dtax <- as.vector( dta )
> str(dtax)
> #> 'data.frame': 1 obs. of 7 variables:
> #> $ V1: num 1.1
> #> $ V2: num 3
> #> $ V3: int 5
> #> $ V4: num 7.4
> #> $ V5: int 4
> #> $ V6: num 2.2
> #> $ V7: int 0
>
> # This actually makes no change to dta, because a data frame is already # a list
> of columns, and lists are just vectors that can hold different # types of
> variables, so dta is already a kind of vector.
>
> dtan <- as.numeric( dta )
> str(dtan)
> #> num [1:7] 1.1 3 5 7.4 4 2.2 0
>
> # I suspect this is what you are trying to accomplish... but really, # if we had an
> example of the data you are working with, we would # already know.
> ################################
>
> Some more explanations of reproducibility [1][2][3]
>
> [1] http://stackoverflow.com/questions/5963269/how-to-make-a-great-r-
> reproducible-example
>
> [2] http://adv-r.had.co.nz/Reproducibility.html
>
> [3] https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/reprex/index.html (read the
> vignette)
>
>
> On Mon, 4 Dec 2017, Love Bohman wrote:
>
> > :-)
> > I don't insist on anything, I'm just struggling to learn a new language and
> partly a new way of thinking, and I really appreciate the corrections. I hope I
> someday will be able to handle lists in R as easy as I handle loops in Stata...
> > Thanks again!
> >
> > Love
> >
> >
> > -----Ursprungligt meddelande-----
> > Fr?n: peter dalgaard [mailto:pdalgd at gmail.com]
> > Skickat: den 4 december 2017 23:09
> > Till: Love Bohman <love.bohman at sociology.su.se>
> > Kopia: r-help at r-project.org
> > ?mne: Re: [R] Dynamic reference, right-hand side of function
> >
> > Um, if you insist on doing it that way, at least use
> >
> > assign(varname, as.vector(get(varname)))
> >
> > -pd
> >
> >> On 4 Dec 2017, at 22:46 , Love Bohman <love.bohman at sociology.su.se>
> wrote:
> >>
> >> Hi!
> >> Thanks for the replies!
> >> I understand people more accustomed to R doesn't like looping much, and
> that thinking about loops is something I do since I worked with Stata a lot. The
> syntax from Peter Dalgaard was really clever, and I learned a lot from it, even
> though it didn't solve my problem (I guess it wasn't very well explained). My
> problem was basically that I have a data matrix consisting of just 1 row, and I
> want to convert that row into a vector. However, when trying to do that
> dynamically, I couldn't get R to read the right hand side of the syntax as a
> variable name instead of a string. However, together with a colleague I finally
> solved it with the (eval(as.name()) function (I include the loop I used below). I
> understand that looping isn't kosher among you more devoted R-users, and
> eventually I hope I will learn to use lists in the future instead.
> >>
> >> Thanks!
> >> Love
> >>
> >>
> >> for (year in 2000:2007){
> >> varname <- paste0("aa_",year)
> >> assign(paste0(varname), as.vector(eval(as.name(varname))))
> >> }
> >>
> >> -----Ursprungligt meddelande-----
> >> Fr?n: peter dalgaard [mailto:pdalgd at gmail.com]
> >> Skickat: den 4 december 2017 16:39
> >> Till: Love Bohman <love.bohman at sociology.su.se>
> >> Kopia: r-help at r-project.org
> >> ?mne: Re: [R] Dynamic reference, right-hand side of function
> >>
> >> The generic rule is that R is not a macro language, so looping of names of
> things gets awkward. It is usually easier to use compound objects like lists and
> iterate over them. E.g.
> >>
> >> datanames <- paste0("aa_", 2000:2007) datalist <- lapply(datanames,
> >> get)
> >> names(datalist) <- datanames
> >> col1 <- lapply(datalist, "[[", 1)
> >> colnum <- lapply(col1, as.numeric)
> >>
> >> (The 2nd line assumes that the damage has already been done so that
> >> you have aa_2000 ... aa_2007 in your workspace. You might
> >> alternatively create the list directly while importing the data.)
> >>
> >> -pd
> >>
> >>> On 4 Dec 2017, at 12:33 , Love Bohman <love.bohman at sociology.su.se>
> wrote:
> >>>
> >>> Hi R-users!
> >>> Being new to R, and a fairly advanced Stata-user, I guess part of my
> problem is that my mindset (and probably my language as well) is wrong.
> Anyway, I have what I guess is a rather simple problem, that I now without
> success spent days trying to solve.
> >>>
> >>> I have a bunch of datasets imported from Stata that is labelled aa_2000
> aa_2001 aa_2002, etc. Each dataset is imported as a matrix, and consists of
> one column only. The columns consists of integer numbers. I need to convert
> the data to vectors, which I found several ways to do. I use, for example:
> >>> aa_2000 <- as.numeric(aa_2000[,1])
> >>> However, when trying to automate the task, so I don't have to write a line
> of code for each dataset, I get stuck. Since I'm a Stata user, my first attempt is
> trying to make a loop in order to loop over all datasets. However, I manage to
> write a loop that works for the left-hand side of the syntax, but not for the
> right-hand side.
> >>> I have included some examples from my struggles to solve the issue below,
> what they all have in common is that I don't manage to call for any "macro" (is
> that only a Stata-word?) in the right hand side of the functions. When I try to
> replace the static reference with a dynamic one (like in the left-hand side), the
> syntax just doesn't work.
> >>>
> >>> I would very much appreciate some help with this issue!
> >>> All the best,
> >>> Love
> >>>
> >>> year <- 2002
> >>> dataname <- paste0("aa_",year)
> >>> assign(paste0(dataname), as.numeric(aa_2002[,1]))
> >>>
> >>> year <- 2003
> >>> assign(paste0("aa_",year), as.numeric(aa_2003))
> >>>
> >>> year <- 2005
> >>> assign(paste0("aa_",year), aa_2005[,1])
> >>>
> >>> list1 <- c(2000:2007)
> >>> list1[c(7)]
> >>> assign(paste0("aa_",list1[c(7)]), as.numeric(paste0(aa_2006)))
> >>>
> >>>
> >>> [[alternative HTML version deleted]]
> >>>
> >>> ______________________________________________
> >>> R-help at r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see
> >>> https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help
> >>> PLEASE do read the posting guide
> >>> http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
> >>> and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
> >>
> >> --
> >> Peter Dalgaard, Professor,
> >> Center for Statistics, Copenhagen Business School Solbjerg Plads 3,
> >> 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark
> >> Phone: (+45)38153501
> >> Office: A 4.23
> >> Email: pd.mes at cbs.dk Priv: PDalgd at gmail.com
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >
> > --
> > Peter Dalgaard, Professor,
> > Center for Statistics, Copenhagen Business School Solbjerg Plads 3,
> > 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark
> > Phone: (+45)38153501
> > Office: A 4.23
> > Email: pd.mes at cbs.dk Priv: PDalgd at gmail.com
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > ______________________________________________
> > R-help at r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see
> > https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help
> > PLEASE do read the posting guide
> > http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
> > and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
>
> ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
> Jeff Newmiller The ..... ..... Go Live...
> DCN:<jdnewmil at dcn.davis.ca.us> Basics: ##.#. ##.#. Live Go...
> Live: OO#.. Dead: OO#.. Playing
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>
> ______________________________________________
> R-help at r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see
> https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help
> PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
> and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
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