[R] Bubble plots
Michael Bibo
michael_bibo at health.qld.gov.au
Mon Aug 4 01:13:46 CEST 2008
Cody Hamilton <Cody_Hamilton <at> Edwards.com> writes:
>
> Is there a way to create a 'bubble plot' in R?
>
> For example, if we define the following data frame containing the level of y
observed for 5 patients at three
> time points:
>
> time<-c(rep('time 1',5),rep('time 2',5),rep('time 3',5))
> y<-c('a','b','c','d','a','b','c','a','d','a','a','a','b','c','d')
> D<-data.frame(cbind(y,time))
>
> I would like to display the percentage of subjects in each level of y at
each time point as a bubble whose size
> is proportional to the percentage of subjects in the given level of y at the
given time point. Thus, in the
> case of the data frame above the plot would have the levels of y
('a','b','c','d') on the y-axis and the
> levels of time ('time 1','time 2', time 3') on the x-axis with four bubbles
above each time point (e.g. the
> size of the bubble in the bottom left corner of the plot would be
proportional to the percentage of patients
> with y='a' at time='time 1').
It sounds like function balloonplot from package gplots might be just what you
are looking for.
There is, however, a bug in the labelling of the plot that I have been meaning
to contact the maintainer about. If you change lines 364 and 376 respectively
from "labels=ynames," to "labels=ylab, and "labels=xnames," to "labels=xlab,",
it will work for this specific purpose. I have included the full code for the
amended balloonplot function to the end of the email. You can just copy and
paste into your R console.
Then, all that is required (given your dataframe D) is:
attach(D)
balloonplot(prop.table(table(time,y))*100)
This gives percentages. You can play with prop.table syntax to get
percentages of row or column totals, and play with titles, margin totals etc
from there.
The amended balloonplot function (this is not an all-purpose fix - it just
works for this specific purpose):
# $Id: balloonplot.R 908 2006-03-02 21:43:24Z warnes $
balloonplot <- function(x,...)
UseMethod("balloonplot",x)
balloonplot.table <- function(x, xlab, ylab, zlab, show.zeros = FALSE,
show.margins = TRUE, ... )
{
obj <- x
tmp <- as.data.frame(x)
x <- tmp[,1]
y <- tmp[,2]
z <- tmp[,3]
tableflag <- TRUE
if(missing(xlab)) xlab <- names(dimnames(obj))[1]
if(missing(ylab)) ylab <- names(dimnames(obj))[2]
if(missing(zlab)) zlab <- "Freq"
balloonplot.default(x, y, z, xlab=xlab, ylab=ylab, zlab=zlab,
show.zeros = show.zeros,
show.margins = show.margins, ...)
}
balloonplot.default <- function(x,y,z,
xlab,
ylab,
zlab=deparse(substitute(z)),
dotsize=2/max(strwidth(19),strheight(19)),
dotchar=19,
dotcolor="skyblue",
main,
label=TRUE,
label.digits=2,
scale.method=c("volume","diameter"),
colsrt=par("srt"),
rowsrt=par("srt"),
colmar=1,
rowmar=2,
show.zeros=FALSE,
show.margins=TRUE,
cum.margins=TRUE,
sorted=TRUE,
label.lines=TRUE,
fun=function(x)sum(x,na.rm=T),
hide.duplicates=TRUE,
... )
{
if(is.null(names(x)))
{
xnames <- as.character(substitute(x))
if(length(xnames)>1) xnames <- xnames[-1]
}
else
xnames <- names(x)
if(is.null(names(y)))
{
ynames <- as.character(substitute(y))
if(length(ynames)>1) ynames <- ynames[-1]
}
else
ynames <- names(y)
if(missing(xlab))
xlab <- paste( xnames, collapse=", " )
if(missing(ylab))
ylab <- paste( ynames, collapse=", " )
####
## Handle arguments
####
scale.method <- match.arg(scale.method)
if( any(z < 0 ) )
warning("z value(s) below zero detected.",
" No balloons will be displayed for these cells.")
if(missing(main))
{
if(scale.method=="volume")
main <- paste("Balloon Plot for ",
paste(xnames, collapse=", "),
" by ",
paste(ynames, collapse=", "),
".\nArea is proportional to ", zlab, ".", sep='')
else
main <- paste("Balloon Plot for ",
paste(ynames, collapse=", "),
" by ",
paste(ynames, collapse=", "),
".\nDiameter is proportional to ", zlab, ".", sep='')
}
if(length(dotcolor)<length(z))
dotcolor <- rep(dotcolor, length=length(z))
####
## Make sure x and y are lists
####
if(is.list(x))
{
xlabs <- x
x$sep=":"
x <- do.call(paste, x)
}
else
xlabs <- list(x)
if(is.list(y))
{
ylabs <- y
y$sep=":"
y <- do.call(paste, y)
ylab <- paste( names(y) )
}
else
ylabs <- list(y)
####
## sort everything into a useful order
####
if(sorted)
{
ord.x <- do.call(order, xlabs)
ord.y <- do.call(order, ylabs)
}
else
ord.x <- ord.y <- 1:length(x)
forceOrder <- function(X, sord, lord)
factor(X[sord], levels=unique(X[lord]))
x <- forceOrder(x, ord.y, ord.y)
y <- forceOrder(y, ord.y, ord.y)
z <- as.numeric(z[ord.y])
dotcolor <- dotcolor[ord.y]
xlabs <- unique(data.frame(lapply(xlabs, forceOrder,
sord=ord.y, lord=ord.y)))
ylabs <- unique(data.frame(lapply(ylabs, forceOrder,
sord=ord.y, lord=ord.y)))
####
## Function to scale circles to fill the containing box
####
scale <- function(X, min=0, max=16, scale.method)
{
if(scale.method=="volume")
{
X[X<0] <- 0
X <- sqrt(X)
}
X <- min + (X/max(X, na.rm=TRUE) * (max - min) )
cin.x <- par("cin")[1]
cin.y <- par("cin")[2]
if(cin.x < cin.y) X <- X * cin.x/cin.y
X
}
nlabels.y <- length(ylabs)
nlabels.x <- length(xlabs)
####
## Combine duplicate entries
####
# Do twice, once for data, once for colors
tab1 <- split( data.frame(z,dotcolor,x,y), f=list(x,y) )
ztab <- do.call(rbind,
lapply(
tab1,
FUN=function(X) cbind(z=fun(X[,1]),X[1,-1])
)
)
####
## Do the plotting
###
oldpar <- par("xpd","mar")
on.exit( par(oldpar) )
#par(xpd=NA, mar=c(1,1,5,1)+0.1) # clip drawing to device region
if(!show.margins)
{
xlim=c(-0.5,nlevels(x)+nlabels.y*rowmar-0.25) # extra space on either
# end of plot for labels
ylim=c(0.50,nlevels(y)+nlabels.x*colmar+1) # and so dots don't cross
# into margins,
}
else
{
xlim=c(-0.5,nlevels(x)+nlabels.y*rowmar+1) # extra space on either
# end of plot for labels
ylim=c(0,nlevels(y)+nlabels.x*colmar+1) # and so dots don't cross
# into margins,
}
plot(x=nlabels.y*rowmar+0.25 + as.numeric(ztab$x) - 1,
y=nlevels(y) - as.numeric(ztab$y) + 1,
cex=scale(ztab$z, max=dotsize, scale.method=scale.method),
pch=dotchar, # plot character
col=as.character(ztab$dotcolor), # dot color
xlab="",
ylab="",
xaxt="n", # no x axis lables
yaxt="n", # no y axis lables
bty="n", # no box around the plot
xaxs = "i",
yaxs = "i",
xlim=xlim,
ylim=ylim,
...
)
ny <- nlevels(ztab$y)
nx <- nlevels(ztab$x)
sumz <- sum(ztab$z, na.rm=TRUE)
colsumz <- sapply(split( ztab$z, ztab$y), sum, na.rm=TRUE) # works
rowsumz <- sapply(split( ztab$z, ztab$x), sum, na.rm=TRUE) # broken
if(show.margins)
{
## column totals
text(
x=(1:nx) + nlabels.y*rowmar + 0.25 -1,
y=0.25,
labels=format(c(sumz, rowsumz), digits=label.digits)[-1],
font=1,
cex=par("cex")*0.75,
adj=c(0.5,0.0)
)
## row totals
rowlabs <- format(c(sumz, colsumz), digits=label.digits)[-1]
width <- max(strwidth(rowlabs),na.rm=TRUE)
text(
x=nx + nlabels.y*rowmar-0.25+width,
y= (ny:1),
labels=rowlabs,
font=1,
cex=par("cex")*0.75,
adj=c(1.0,0.5)
)
## overall total
text(
x=nx + nlabels.y*rowmar-0.25+width,
y=0.25,
labels=sumz,
font=1,
cex=par("cex")*0.75,
adj=c(1.0,0.0)
)
}
if(cum.margins)
{
## Row Sums at left
cx <- c(0, cumsum(rowsumz) / sumz)
rect(xleft = nlabels.y*rowmar - 1 - 0.25 + 1:nx,
xright = nlabels.y*rowmar - 1 + 0.75 + 1:nx,
ybottom = ny+0.75+cx[1:nx]*colmar*nlabels.x,
ytop = ny+0.75+cx[2:(nx+1)]*colmar*nlabels.x,
col = "lightgray",
border = NA)
## Col Sums at top
cy <- c(0, cumsum(colsumz) / sumz)
rect(xleft = -0.5 +rowmar*cy[ny:1]*nlabels.y,
xright = -0.5 +rowmar*cy[(ny+1):2]*nlabels.y,
ybottom = 1:ny-0.5,
ytop = 1:ny+0.5,
col = "lightgray",
border = NA)
tx <- paste(levels(x),"\n[",rowsumz,"]")
ty <- paste(levels(y),"\n[",colsumz,"]")
}
###
## Horizontal borders between cells
###
segments(
x0=nlabels.y*rowmar-0.25,
x1=nx+nlabels.y*rowmar-0.25,
y0=(0:ny)+0.5,
y1=(0:ny)+0.5
)
###
## Vertical borders between cells
###
segments(
x0=(0:nx)+nlabels.y*rowmar-0.25,
x1=(0:nx)+nlabels.y*rowmar-0.25,
y0= 0.5,
y1=ny+0.5,
)
if(hide.duplicates)
undupe <- function(X)
{
# convert duplicates into blanks
X <- as.character(X)
c(X[1], ifelse(X[-1] == X[-length(X)], "", X[-1]))
}
else
undupe <- function(X) X
###
## Column labels
###
for(i in 1:nlabels.x)
{
y <- ny + 0.75 + (nlabels.x - i + .5)*colmar
text(
x= (1:nx) + nlabels.y*rowmar + 0.25 - 1,
y= y,
labels=undupe(xlabs[,i]),
srt=colsrt,
font=1
)
}
###
## Row labels
###
for(i in 1:length(ylabs))
{
text(
y=ny:1,
x= (i-0.5)*rowmar-0.5,
labels=undupe(ylabs[,i]),
srt=rowsrt,
font=1
)
}
####
## Column headers for row labels
####
text(
x=((1:length(ylabs))-0.5)*rowmar-0.5,
y=ny+0.5,
labels=ylab,
srt=colsrt,
font=2,
adj=c(0.5,0.0)
)
####
## Row headers for column labels
####
text(
x= nlabels.y*rowmar - 0.25 - strwidth(','),
y= ny + 0.75 + ((nlabels.x:1) - 1 + .5)*colmar,
labels=xlab,
srt=colsrt,
font=2,
adj=c(1,0.5)
)
###
## add borders to row and column headers
###
if(label.lines)
{
segments( # left: vertical lines
x0=(0:nlabels.y)*rowmar-0.5,
x1=(0:nlabels.y)*rowmar-0.5,
y0=0.5,
y1=ny+0.5
)
segments(
x0=nlabels.y*rowmar-0.25, # top: horizontal lines
x1=nlabels.y*rowmar + nx - 0.25,
y0=(0:nlabels.x)*colmar +ny+0.75,
y1=(0:nlabels.x)*colmar +ny+0.75
)
}
####
## annotate cells with actual values
####
if(label){
if(show.zeros)
indiv <- 1:length(ztab$y)
else
indiv <- which(ztab$z != 0)
text(x=as.numeric(ztab$x[indiv])+ nlabels.y*rowmar - 0.75, #
as.numeric give numeric values
y=ny - as.numeric(ztab$y[indiv]) + 1,
labels=format(ztab$z[indiv], digits=label.digits), # label value
col="black", # text color
font=2,
adj=c(0.5,0.5)
)
}
# put a nice title
title(main=main)
}
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