Can the expm function be used to calculate the exponential of a matrix where the matrix is multiplied by a vector in a data frame? For example for (i in 1:length(y)){ expmN<-expm(Q*y[i]) Q<-Matrix(c(1, 2, 3, 4), 2, 2) return(expmN) } Sorry I am new to R and I have been finding it difficult to get information on calculating Matrix exponentials in R. Many thanks in advance Laura