> m <- manova(U~factor(rep(1:3, c(3, 2, 3)))) > summary(m,test="Wilks") Df Wilks approx F num Df den Df Pr(>F) factor(rep(1:3, c(3, 2, 3))) 2 0.0385 8.1989 4 8 0.006234 ** Residuals 5 --- Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1 > You forgot to declare 1:3 to be a factor.