[R] How to force a vector to be column or row vector?

[Martin Lam]

Hi,

Perhaps you should try the transpose function t(). It
converts a row into a column and vice versa.

HTH,

Martin Lam

--- Michael <comtech.usa at gmail.com> wrote:

> Hi all,
> 
> I tended to use rbind, or cbind to force a vector be
> be deemed as a column
> or row vector. This is very important if I want to
> do things like u' * A *
> u, where u' is a row vector and u is a column
> vector, regardless of what
> originall format  the "u" is... I want to recast it
> to column vector or row
> vector...  How can I do that?
> 
> ----------------------------------------------------
> 
> 
> b_hat=solve(t(X) %*% X) %*% t(X) %*% Y;
> 
> attr(b_hat, "dim")
> [1] 4 1
> 
> rbind(b_hat)
>        [,1]
>   -4.814763
> V -5.804245
>   -5.122668
>   -4.308326
> 
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> 
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