[R] a question about spline A(ns or bs)

[Shuangge Ma]

Hello:
I have a question about spline: ns (or bs) in R (library: splines).

What's the exact analytic form of the B splines generated by ns (or bs)?
I need to calculate the penalty (square of second order derivative) of the
basis functions. Is there any shortcut or I need to program myself?

thanks,

Shuangge Ma
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