[R] Durbin-Watson test in packages "car" and "lmtest"

John Fox jfox at mcmaster.ca
Sun Apr 21 04:49:41 CEST 2002


Dear Ahmad,

I think that the discrepancy has been cleared up, since durbin.watson, as 
has been pointed out, calculates two-sided tests.

Some other relevant points: (1) durbin.watson will calculate dw statistics 
and associated p-values for lags greater than 1. (2) I prefer the approach 
currently in dwtest, but when durbin.watson was written, dwtest in lmtest 
didn't compute p-values. (3) I also agree that it would be useful to allow 
one-sided alternatives in durbin.watson and will likely add this if I don't 
remove the function from the car package.

I apologize for my slow response to your original posting and the 
subsequent exchange -- I was out of town.

John


At 05:05 PM 4/19/2002 -0400, Ahmad Abu Hammour wrote:
>Hi Torsten,
>Here is an example in which P-values have a significant difference. The 
>data is a sub sample of a larger one.
>Basically the model I am using is as follows:
>y_{t+2}= y_{t+1} + y_t + I(x_{t+1}-z_{t+1}-w_{t+1}) +e_{t+2}
>
> > ydata
>                   y            z           w         x
>  [1,]  0.0101705342 -5.363636567  0.80677087 -2.425968
>  [2,] -0.0040963887 -4.930336567 -0.01515276 -1.852668
>  [3,]  0.0007996203 -2.795136567  0.28412361 -0.849268
>  [4,]  0.0231375722 -2.523036567 -0.33650002 -0.315968
>  [5,]  0.0576658597 -2.925936567 -0.68112365  0.060732
>  [6,]  0.0930807057 -2.283836567 -1.59374728  0.214032
>  [7,]  0.0904861271 -1.908436567 -3.15057091  0.347332
>  [8,]  0.0815802452 -3.063936567 -3.60669454 -0.175968
>  [9,]  0.0463679856 -3.947236567 -2.89361816 -1.012668
>[10,]  0.0283314000 -3.528136567 -1.68974179 -1.522668
>[11,]  0.0158693958 -2.890536567 -1.03456542 -1.629268
>[12,] -0.0177988767 -2.165736567 -0.23008905 -1.532668
>[13,] -0.0263232785 -2.400436567 -0.29991268 -1.369268
>[14,] -0.0377695478 -3.243136567 -0.31953631 -0.539268
>[15,] -0.0520095622 -3.241336567  0.22174006  0.120732
>[16,] -0.0773138815 -2.765236567 -0.22328356  1.467332
>[17,] -0.0804307590 -2.833236567  0.09209281  2.107332
>[18,] -0.0446189151 -3.710136567  0.57246918  2.057332
>[19,] -0.0439761920 -4.232636567  0.11764555  2.687332
>[20,] -0.0508314286 -3.445136567  0.91252192  4.874032
>[21,] -0.0373526376 -2.123836567  1.03269829  5.340732
>[22,] -0.0363366045 -4.549336567  1.16137466  3.614032
>[23,] -0.0119795294 -4.660636567  2.10495103  1.744032
>[24,] -0.0271166745  0.940863433  2.73172741  5.450732
>[25,] -0.0319279899  2.972463433  3.93230378  7.954032
>[26,] -0.0285519284  2.601663433  4.25698015  9.447332
>[27,] -0.0362890374  3.900363433  4.49975652 11.397332
>[28,] -0.0193261619  2.440563433  4.24003289  7.057332
>[29,] -0.0211604332  4.133063433  3.62460926  5.907332
>[30,] -0.0393599621  4.764863433  3.78798563  6.740732
>[31,] -0.0368496844  2.967363433  3.09016201  5.137332
>[32,] -0.0111656400  2.374163433  2.32173838  1.820732
>[33,] -0.0049543837  2.858663433  0.59471475  0.570732
>[34,] -0.0085112660  3.900063433 -0.96020888  0.424032
>[35,]  0.0002988086  3.956163433 -1.40353251  0.500732
>[36,] -0.0021387277  2.276463433 -1.99135614  0.720732
>[37,] -0.0143497002  2.857863433 -1.40157977  1.270732
>[38,] -0.0459512047  3.589163433 -1.78060340  2.574032
>[39,] -0.0620556482  4.248163433 -2.43422702  3.537332
>[40,] -0.0665723041  3.225363433 -2.45305065  1.830732
>[41,] -0.0990262190  2.638163433 -2.34577428  1.634032
>[42,] -0.0993943457  2.160963433 -2.00509791  0.780732
>[43,] -0.0896954664  1.651763433 -1.79992154  0.164032
>[44,] -0.1047509912  2.106963433 -1.59274517  0.117332
>[45,] -0.1188326548  3.230463433 -1.40576880  2.007332
>[46,] -0.1012159404  2.484063433 -1.60469242 -0.209268
>[47,] -0.0975617833  2.185163433 -1.23841605 -0.442668
>[48,] -0.0859923186  1.244563433 -0.99983968 -0.495968
>[49,] -0.0467949427 -0.185636567 -1.19776331 -1.649268
>[50,] -0.0351160760 -0.510836567 -0.50778694 -0.569268
>[51,] -0.0233943108 -0.356136567 -0.53781057  0.347332
>[52,] -0.0080094290  0.005063433 -0.71733420 -0.569268
>[53,]  0.0312603960 -0.149336567 -0.69205783 -0.349268
>[54,]  0.0614944090  0.181063433 -0.76188145  0.237332
>[55,]  0.0775709808  0.795863433 -0.58080508  1.110732
>[56,]  0.0952235601  1.131763433 -0.38712871  1.907332
>[57,]  0.1069545973  1.509763433  0.06534766  2.887332
>[58,]  0.1136253179  1.785763433  0.64482403  3.450732
>[59,]  0.1275201332  1.348463433  1.06650040  3.410732
>[60,]  0.1387864450  0.581263433  1.05767677  3.444032
>[61,]  0.1244438565  1.253563433  1.35555315  4.164032
>[62,]  0.1344048716  0.334263433  0.69162952  4.844032
>[63,]  0.1487305153 -0.634036567  0.37670589  4.010732
>[64,]  0.1420063384 -0.159036567  1.22928226  3.190732
>[65,]  0.1469999823 -0.707536567  1.67200000  1.200732
> > library(car)
>Attaching package `car':
>
>         The following object(s) are masked from package:base :
>          dfbetas rstudent
> > library(lmtest)
> > 
> lmy=lm(y[-c(1,2)]~y[-c(1,65)]+y[-c(64,65)]+I(x-z-w)[-c(64,65)]-1,data=as.ts(ydata))
> > dwtest(lmy)
>         Durbin-Watson test
>data:  lmy
>DW = 2.0077, p-value = 0.4404
> > durbin.watson(lmy)
>  lag Autocorrelation D-W Statistic p-value
>    1     -0.01370151      2.007701    0.92
> >
>So, which P-value should I adopt 0.44 or 0.92?
>Thank you for your help.
>Ahmad Abu Hammour
>
>----- Original Message -----
>From: Torsten Hothorn
>Sent: Friday, April 19, 2002 4:51 AM
>To: Ahmad Abu Hammour
>Cc: R-help at stat.math.ethz.ch
>Subject: Re: [R] Durbin-Watson test in packages "car" and "lmtest"
>
> > Hi,
> > P-values in Durbin-Watson test obtained through the use of
> > functions available in packages "lmtest" and "car" are different. The
> > difference is quite significant. function "dwtest" in "lmtest" is much
> > faster than "burbinwatson" in "car". Actually, you can take a nap while
> > the latter trying to calculated Durbin-Watson test. My question is which
> > p-value is better?
>
>The answer is essencially given in ?durbin.watson and ?dwtest. The latter
>states that
>
>The p value is computed
>      using a Fortran version of the Applied Statistics Algorithm AS 153
>      by Farebrother (1980, 1984). This algorithm is called "pan" or
>      "gradsol". For large sample sizes the algorithm might fail to
>      compute the p value; in that case a warning is printed and an
>      approximate p value will be given; this p value is computed using
>      a normal approximation with mean and variance of the Durbin-Watson
>      test statistic.
>while ?durbin.watson says
>
>   simulate: if `TRUE' p-values will be estimated by bootstrapping.
>
>What is a "quite significant" difference for p-values?
>
>Looking at the example from ?durbin.watson gives:
>
>R> durbin.watson(lm(fconvict ~ tfr + partic + degrees + mconvict,
>data=Hartnagel))
>lag Autocorrelation D-W Statistic p-value
>    1        0.688345     0.6168636       0
>R> dwtest(fconvict ~ tfr + partic + degrees + mconvict, data=Hartnagel)
>
>         Durbin-Watson test
>
>data:  fconvict ~ tfr + partic + degrees + mconvict
>DW = 0.6169, p-value = 6.96e-09
>
>which is fairly close, so you might give us more details (that is: a
>working example) to see what the "difference" is (that is: a bug in
>either function or a difference due to simulation error / bad
>approximation ...).
>
>Torsten
>
> >
> > Thank you,
> > Ahmad Abu Hammour
> >

-----------------------------------------------------
John Fox
Department of Sociology
McMaster University
Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4M4
email: jfox at mcmaster.ca
phone: 905-525-9140x23604
web: www.socsci.mcmaster.ca/jfox
-----------------------------------------------------

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