[Rd] Feature request: Allow comma after last element in a list
Gabriel Becker
g@bembecker @end|ng |rom gm@||@com
Fri May 1 23:17:16 CEST 2026
Late to the party and apologies if I'm repeating something someone else
said that I missed in the sea of responses here, but a couple of thoughts:
> Honestly, I think R just needs to add these things. I don't know what the
> hold out is. It seems so odd, not to just move on from this lack of
> last-element-comma.
Well, as some have said, you can use commas to indicate explicitly missing
arguments. Not only that, but there is at least one place where that is
actively used in a core API that I think is very unlikely to (ever) be
changed or removed:
*> mtcars[1]*
mpg
Mazda RX4 21.0
Mazda RX4 Wag 21.0
Datsun 710 22.8
<snip>
*> mtcars[1,]*
mpg cyl disp hp drat wt qsec vs am gear carb
Mazda RX4 21 6 160 110 3.9 2.62 16.46 0 1 4 4
*> mtcars[,1]*
[1] 21.0 21.0 22.8 21.4 18.7 18.1 14.3 24.4 22.8 19.2 17.8 16.4 17.3 15.2
10.4
[16] 10.4 14.7 32.4 30.4 33.9 21.5 15.5 15.2 13.3 19.2 27.3 26.0 30.4 15.8
19.7
[31] 15.0 21.4
*> mtcars[,1, drop = FALSE]*
mpg
Mazda RX4 21.0
Mazda RX4 Wag 21.0
Datsun 710 22.8
<snip>
*> mtcars[1, drop = FALSE]*
mpg
Mazda RX4 21.0
Mazda RX4 Wag 21.0
Datsun 710 22.8
<snip>
*Warning message:*
*In `[.data.frame`(mtcars, 1, drop = FALSE) :*
* 'drop' argument will be ignored*
*> mtcars[1, , drop = FALSE]*
mpg cyl disp hp drat wt qsec vs am gear carb
Mazda RX4 21 6 160 110 3.9 2.62 16.46 0 1 4 4
*> mtcars[1, drop = FALSE,]*
mpg cyl disp hp drat wt qsec vs am gear carb
Mazda RX4 21 6 160 110 3.9 2.62 16.46 0 1 4 4
This doesn't mean it's impossible to have c and list (and assumedly other
things like the data.frame constructor) silently consume this type of
phantom missing argument, but right now the behavior of commas is
consistent, at least in base R (and c, list, data.frame, etc do not allow
missing arguments which is where the error comes from). After a change, it
would not be consistent. You may decide that isn't worth much (if anything)
in your opinion, but it isn't nothing.
I also will say that like, I believe Tim(?) said above, I would rather be
told about a coding error (which from a principled/pedantic perspective a
hanging comma is) than have it silently do something that leaves the
potential issue hidden.
[`(drop=FALSE) should also be adopted.
This, as others have mentioned, would break enormous amounts of code, not
only in package code, but also, importantly, in millions of lines of script
code out in the wild where there isn't a centralized place to even attempt
to update it.
R's design philosophy has always (?) put an enormous amount of emphasis on
backwards compatibility and only rarely and carefully making breaking
changes that will impact existing code. As a personal anecdote, literally
the first two words of the title to the slide deck I used to successfully
propose what became ALTREP to R-core were "Backwards-Compatible".
I expect a change as fundamental as this would *at the absolute minimum* need
to wait until the next major version of R (5.0.0), and even then I'm
personally skeptical that the benefits (I'm not claiming there are none, I
have a patch waiting awaiting review that fixes a missing drop=FALSE bug in
the R sources) would outweigh the massive breakages it would cause.
More generally to your first point above, because of this focus on
stability and backwards compatibility, R doesn't "just add things/make
changes"; *especially *for changes that are in *any* way breaking.
Why can't R have these things? CRAN has no package versioning at all.
I ... have no idea what you mean by this. Packages hosted on CRAN do have
versions, said versions are guaranteed to be non-decreasing (and
virtually/for most scenarios guaranteed to be monotonically increasing),
etc. Furthermore binary packages are built by major+minor R version + OS,
see e.g., https://cran.r-project.org/bin/windows/contrib
Best,
~G
On Fri, May 1, 2026 at 1:20 PM Bemis, Kylie via R-devel <
r-devel using r-project.org> wrote:
> I don’t know if this is the best way to do this, but if anyone really
> wants, here you go.
>
> list0 <- function(...)
> {
> dots <- match.call(expand.dots=FALSE)$...
> valid <- which(vapply(dots, nzchar, logical(1L)))
> ans <- vector("list", length=length(valid))
> for ( i in seq_along(valid) )
> ans[[i]] <- ...elt(valid[i])
> ans
> }
>
> # > list0(1,2,)
> # [[1]]
> # [1] 1
>
> # [[2]]
> # [1] 2
>
> ~~~
> Kylie Ariel Bemis (she/her)
> Assistant Teaching Professor
> Khoury College of Computer Sciences
> Northeastern University
> kuwisdelu.github.io<https://kuwisdelu.github.io/>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> On May 1, 2026, at 3:18 PM, avi.e.gross using gmail.com wrote:
>
> Mossa,
>
> I was expressing my reaction to the way you are saying what others should
> do, including thousands of packages that are not even well maintained. Not
> being one of the people who would be doing the work, I wondered how you get
> the request to those who might.
>
> Others have pointed out the anomalies that may happen. I have used many
> programming languages over the years and some are designed in ways I do not
> like as much as other ways. Some end up being cautious and not making much
> have defaults and forcing users to specify clearly what they want. Others
> choose defaults and later get complaints. I can even imagine someone
> releasing a new function name simply to over-ride a default while not
> having to type it explicitly, Look carefully at something like the
> read.table() set of functions as examples of front-ends that reset defaults
> for specific kinds of files.
>
> There is no right or wrong answer that pleases everybody but it generally
> is bad form to change something after years of use by flipping the default.
>
> I can see merit in something a bit different such as when you have
> slimmer paste0() function added alongside paste(). I can imagine creating a
> c0() alongside c that tolerates dangling commas. But then you may need a
> list0() and perhaps quite a few more to be used when you want commas
> evaluated differently. It could be better to create one function, a bit
> like I() with some name like comma_safe() so you could wrap anything you
> want like this:
>
> Myvec <- c(comma_safe(1,2,3,))
>
> Only people who really feel a need would opt to use it. Even then, such a
> feature might mostly be useful while prototyping your code when you may be
> adjusting things by adding, deleting and re-arranging.
>
> I do suggest that a valid case has been made why allowing dangling
> comments is a reasonable feature of a language and that it takes more than
> a one-liner request to specify what a change would look like.
>
> Specifically, is the request limited to one trailing comma? What if it
> ends in three? What if the first or some middle spot has an extra comma?
> Where would this be applied? I mean there are many places comma separated
> lists are used. Function argument lists are a crucial example where every
> comma currently has meaning, especially for positional arguments. You
> cannot make a fifth argument became a third argument.
>
> And note uses of commas in other places outside R like a CSV file. Over
> there, when you read the file in, generally a missing item between adjacent
> commas or at the beginning or end, becomes some form of NA.
>
> And, how do you address the suggestion that some people depend on current
> behavior to detect their errors? If you allow some form of trailing comma,
> do you issue at least a warning?
>
> Many languages end up at points like this by adding some form of flag you
> can place in your environment that allows some control over some features.
> Would you suggest a designated way to either turn on the new feature or
> suppress it, such as:
>
> options(allow_trailing_commas = FALSE)
>
> Do note that some current features may need to be examined, such as what
> happens near a “…” and also that R often allows delayed evaluation so a
> function often passes on some of what it received, unchanged, to the
> surprise of the other function.
>
> There may be more and nuanced ideas people can supply that can produce
> more such requirements and of course lots of changes that may have to be
> made to countless kinds of documentation such as man pages of functions,
> including manual pages.
>
> So, even assuming there is a consensus to make a change that might satisfy
> your needs, I suggest it might take a long time to plan it fully and
> implement it to a full extent – especially as many package maintainers do
> not want to put a new release out too often and when they have not made any
> real changes.
>
> Almost in amusement, I have a thought. I have written code that allows you
> to write programs in both R and python that sort of operate on a shared set
> of data. You could define some of your data structures where you want
> commas ignored, on the python side while the R side manipulates the data
> structures already properly read in using your rules, ….
>
> It does not seem worth it to me.
>
>
> From: Mossa Merhi Reimert <tpb398 using alumni.ku.dk<mailto:tpb398 using alumni.ku.dk
> >>
> Sent: Friday, May 1, 2026 2:01 PM
> To: avi.e.gross using gmail.com<mailto:avi.e.gross using gmail.com>; 'Tomek
> Gieorgijewski' <cybergeorge2020 using gmail.com<mailto:cybergeorge2020 using gmail.com>>;
> 'Duncan Murdoch' <murdoch.duncan using gmail.com<mailto:murdoch.duncan using gmail.com
> >>
> Cc: r-devel using r-project.org<mailto:r-devel using r-project.org>
> Subject: Re: [Rd] Feature request: Allow comma after last element in a list
>
> Thank you Ivan for your comments. I am going to think about it.
> Also Duncan Murdoch, thank you very much for your comments.
>
> I didn't know about nargs. here's what I learned:
> (function(...) {nargs()})()
> [1] 0
> (function(...) {nargs()})(,)
> [1] 2
> (function(...) {nargs()})(,,)
> [1] 3
> (function(...) {nargs()})(,,,)
> [1] 4
> (function(...) {nargs()})(,,,,)
> [1] 5
> (function(...) {nargs()})(,,,,,)
> [1] 6
>
>
> Let me think about that.
>
> And avi.e.gross: I am sorry man, I didn't finish my reply properly, and I
> still don't get what you're saying. If you see me in the real world, let's
> talk, in a slow way, so that we can understand
> and empathize with each other. I just don't get it on text, it seems.
>
>
>
>
>
> Sent from Outlook for Mac
> From: avi.e.gross using gmail.com<mailto:avi.e.gross using gmail.com> <mailto:
> avi.e.gross using gmail.com> <avi.e.gross using gmail.com<mailto:
> avi.e.gross using gmail.com> <mailto:avi.e.gross using gmail.com> >
> Date: Friday, 1 May 2026 at 19.40
> To: Mossa Merhi Reimert <tpb398 using alumni.ku.dk<mailto:tpb398 using alumni.ku.dk>
> <mailto:tpb398 using alumni.ku.dk> >; 'Tomek Gieorgijewski' <
> cybergeorge2020 using gmail.com<mailto:cybergeorge2020 using gmail.com><mailto:
> cybergeorge2020 using gmail.com> >; 'Duncan Murdoch' <murdoch.duncan using gmail.com
> <mailto:murdoch.duncan using gmail.com> <mailto:murdoch.duncan using gmail.com> >
> Cc: r-devel using r-project.org<mailto:r-devel using r-project.org> <mailto:
> r-devel using r-project.org> <r-devel using r-project.org<mailto:
> r-devel using r-project.org> <mailto:r-devel using r-project.org> >
> Subject: RE: [Rd] Feature request: Allow comma after last element in a list
> Whether a change is easy or hard to make is an issue that can allow YOU to
> download the source code and make your own modified copy of R for your own
> use, Mossa. And, any code you then run under your version of R, will not
> necessarily be something you can share with others who want to run it under
> a more standard shared version in which it will not cause errors.
>
> There is an implicit contract that people have with whoever works on the
> public version of R. That contract requires discussions and feedback on bug
> fixes, new features or changes in how a feature works. It requires careful
> documentation and often some level of testing to see who might be impacted
> and time to update their code so it keeps working. For truly optional
> features, it is often done over time. And, some old features are merely
> deprecated for a while before being removed.
>
> Another language, called Python, decide to make some incompatible changes
> while people were using a version I will call 2.X and named the new version
> 3.0 and people who did not change their code were left with partial support
> in 2.X that was slated to end after a while. You could argue that this was
> a good choice in the long run.
>
> R has tried to remain with one unified set of users and not ruin things,
> ot at least provide another easy migration route.
>
> The fact that so many packages are created is not a negative but a feature
> of a language that allows and supports extensions while leaving the main
> body of common code reasonable.
>
> And, as noted, not everyone sees allowing a dangling comma as a positive.
> The workarounds here are s simple as using NULL as a placeholder or using
> some package to create vectors and so on.
>
> But, if R is not to your taste, fine. There are many other languages
> available and many of us here also use other languages depending on needs
> and circumstances.
>
> And, do note, R has some serious features that are quite different than
> something like Python that make it possible to do some things easier, and
> vice versa. This means that blindly copying a feature from another language
> is not always something trivial or even welcomed.
>
>
> From: Mossa Merhi Reimert <tpb398 using alumni.ku.dk<mailto:tpb398 using alumni.ku.dk>
> <mailto:tpb398 using alumni.ku.dk> >
> Sent: Friday, May 1, 2026 12:35 PM
> To: avi.e.gross using gmail.com<mailto:avi.e.gross using gmail.com> <mailto:
> avi.e.gross using gmail.com> ; 'Tomek Gieorgijewski' <cybergeorge2020 using gmail.com
> <mailto:cybergeorge2020 using gmail.com><mailto:cybergeorge2020 using gmail.com> >;
> 'Duncan Murdoch' <murdoch.duncan using gmail.com<mailto:murdoch.duncan using gmail.com>
> <mailto:murdoch.duncan using gmail.com> >
> Cc: r-devel using r-project.org<mailto:r-devel using r-project.org> <mailto:
> r-devel using r-project.org>
> Subject: Re: [Rd] Feature request: Allow comma after last element in a list
>
> Respectfully, this is really one of the strangest responses I've seen in
> my life.
>
> rlang literally re-invents R in 25k LOC of R code.. what other language
> has dialects written in its own language, and quite popular at that? It is
> getting to a level of absurdity, that I am not sure
> how anyone can defend at this point.
>
> If adding dangling commas is a hard, demanding, engineering problem, then
> I guess someone has to take a serious look at the code base. I might want
> to interject myself here, and say, it's not hard.
>
> There are important things that need to be done. A GC lock available
> through C-API.
> Making the r runtime reentrant, instead this process wide mayhem that
> exists. `[`(,,drop=FALSE). Dropping libtool from the configure scripts, so
> things can build,
> without checks that don't are not important anymore. Some sort of tracking
> of heap-allocation
> so R instrumentation tools are not seeing half the situation. I don't
> know.. there's just much more that actually needs scoping, planning and
> evaluation.
>
>
>
>
>
> Sent from Outlook for Mac
> From: avi.e.gross using gmail.com<mailto:avi.e.gross using gmail.com> <mailto:
> avi.e.gross using gmail.com> <avi.e.gross using gmail.com<mailto:
> avi.e.gross using gmail.com> <mailto:avi.e.gross using gmail.com> >
> Date: Friday, 1 May 2026 at 14.48
> To: Mossa Merhi Reimert <tpb398 using alumni.ku.dk<mailto:tpb398 using alumni.ku.dk>
> <mailto:tpb398 using alumni.ku.dk> >; 'Tomek Gieorgijewski' <
> cybergeorge2020 using gmail.com<mailto:cybergeorge2020 using gmail.com><mailto:
> cybergeorge2020 using gmail.com> >; 'Duncan Murdoch' <murdoch.duncan using gmail.com
> <mailto:murdoch.duncan using gmail.com> <mailto:murdoch.duncan using gmail.com> >
> Cc: r-devel using r-project.org<mailto:r-devel using r-project.org> <mailto:
> r-devel using r-project.org> <r-devel using r-project.org<mailto:
> r-devel using r-project.org> <mailto:r-devel using r-project.org> >
> Subject: RE: [Rd] Feature request: Allow comma after last element in a list
> I find the attitude a bit disturbing that a carefully designed and altered
> language be changed just because and without serious consideration. Who
> will fund it if volunteers do not step forward is one example of a serious
> consideration. What other changes should be put off to make room?
>
> The default for many years in computing in general, IMO, was that a
> dangling comma probably represented an error where a programmer had
> forgotten to add another item. Dangling commas were not only allowed but
> required in some cases like argument lists to a function with 5 required
> positional arguments in some cases given how things were done and adding
> yet another dangling comma would have represented a problem as it now would
> have six arguments.
>
> Things have changed and perhaps many or all languages will eventually
> allow dangling commas in some situations. But on the hierarchy of needs,
> some may see other updates for R as a bit more needed and compelling. Look
> how long it took to reach adding a pipe feature that includes an aspect few
> enjoy using versus the other pipes that persist.
>
> As for packages adjusting, I have no idea if many would have to, but you
> can be sure that if there is a problem, many won't adjust for some time and
> users might be left out in the cold or simply not be able to upgrade to the
> latest versions.
>
> It is not a good idea to just do things.
>
> Having said that, of course, it might be a nice thing to do once it has
> been properly evaluated. But it would not particularly improve my life as I
> am quite used to what it takes to edit a comma separated list without
> leaving dangling commas.
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: R-devel <r-devel-bounces using r-project.org<mailto:
> r-devel-bounces using r-project.org> <mailto:r-devel-bounces using r-project.org> >
> On Behalf Of Mossa Merhi Reimert via R-devel
> Sent: Friday, May 1, 2026 2:52 AM
> To: Tomek Gieorgijewski <cybergeorge2020 using gmail.com<mailto:
> cybergeorge2020 using gmail.com> <mailto:cybergeorge2020 using gmail.com> >; Duncan
> Murdoch <murdoch.duncan using gmail.com<mailto:murdoch.duncan using gmail.com>
> <mailto:murdoch.duncan using gmail.com> >
> Cc: r-devel using r-project.org<mailto:r-devel using r-project.org> <mailto:
> r-devel using r-project.org>
> Subject: Re: [Rd] Feature request: Allow comma after last element in a list
>
> Honestly, I think R just needs to add these things. I don't know what the
> hold out is.
> It seems so odd, not to just move on from this lack of last-element-comma.
>
> `[`(drop=FALSE) should also be adopted.
>
> Why can't R have these things? CRAN has no package versioning at all. All
> CRAN packages
> can be adjusted to the change, and it would be all good.
>
>
>
> Sent from Outlook for Mac
> From: R-devel <r-devel-bounces using r-project.org<mailto:
> r-devel-bounces using r-project.org> <mailto:r-devel-bounces using r-project.org> >
> on behalf of Tomek Gieorgijewski <cybergeorge2020 using gmail.com<mailto:
> cybergeorge2020 using gmail.com> <mailto:cybergeorge2020 using gmail.com> >
> Date: Thursday, 30 April 2026 at 21.36
> To: Duncan Murdoch <murdoch.duncan using gmail.com<mailto:
> murdoch.duncan using gmail.com> <mailto:murdoch.duncan using gmail.com> >
> Cc: Manfred Kooistra <manfred.kooistra using gmail.com<mailto:
> manfred.kooistra using gmail.com> <mailto:manfred.kooistra using gmail.com> >;
> r-devel using r-project.org<mailto:r-devel using r-project.org> <mailto:
> r-devel using r-project.org> <r-devel using r-project.org<mailto:
> r-devel using r-project.org> <mailto:r-devel using r-project.org> >
> Subject: Re: [Rd] Feature request: Allow comma after last element in a list
>
> Thank you for the link - definitely worth trying!
>
> T.
>
> czw., 30 kwi 2026 o 21:24 Duncan Murdoch <murdoch.duncan using gmail.com<mailto:
> murdoch.duncan using gmail.com> <mailto:murdoch.duncan using gmail.com> >
> napisa�(a):
>
>
> This is a great suggestion. BTW, I think it would be possible to do
> this in RStudio as well. See their Addins page here:
> https://rstudio.github.io/rstudioaddins/<
> https://rstudio.github.io/rstudioaddins/> <
> https://rstudio.github.io/rstudioaddins/<
> https://rstudio.github.io/rstudioaddins/>> &data=05%7C02%7Ctpb398%
> 40alumni.ku.dk<http://40alumni.ku.dk/>%7Cae85de2ff156426ad76908dea77fdfb9%7Ca3927f91cda14696af898c9f1ceffa91%7C0%7C0%7C639132364817869564%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=ojTec59KVitsio9CF5Rdt12f6NGoi8UDtbH2gpRxynY%3D&reserved=0
> .
>
> Duncan Murdoch
>
> On 2026-04-30 1:44 p.m., Tomek Gieorgijewski wrote:
> Hi Manfred!
>
> As I can see that you already maintain the habit to have one element per
> line,
> I would like to propose that you incorporate some editing scripts in your
> editor
> to help ease your frustration.
> I believe trying to change R parser will only add more of that feeling :)
> I don't know your editor but if it's vim, I can propose this edit to
> .vimrc
> file:
> " ----
> function! ListCommas() range
> if a:firstline < a:lastline
> " Add commas at the end from first to second to last line if
> there's no comma yet
> execute a:firstline . "," . (a:lastline - 1) . 's/[^,]$/&,/e'
> endif
> " Delete comma from last line (if matched)
> execute a:lastline . 's/,$//e'
> endfunction
>
> vnoremap <leader>, :call ListCommas()<CR>
> " ---
>
> So, now if you rerun vim on your file you can swap, add, delete lines
> from
> the list as you wish,
> and at the end you can highlight all elements lines of your list in
> visual
> mode and execute ListCommas
> function on those lines with <leader>, shortcut.
>
> Of course only if you maintain your structure of element per line and
> trailing parenthesis at a seperate line.
>
> I'm sure VS Code, Emacs and some other editors have similar abilities to
> help you.
> Unfortunately I don't know of any such possibility in RStudio.
>
> regards,
> Tomek.
>
> pt., 24 kwi 2026 o 13:35 Manfred Kooistra <manfred.kooistra using gmail.com
> <mailto:manfred.kooistra using gmail.com> <mailto:manfred.kooistra using gmail.com> >
> napisa�(a):
>
> I've always been irritated that R doesn't allow a comma after the last
> element in a "list":
>
> a <- c(
> + 1,
> + 2,
> + 3
> + )
> a
> [1] 1 2 3
> b <- c(
> + 1,
> + 2,
> + 3,
> + )
> Error in c(1, 2, 3, ) : argument 4 is empty
>
> This makes updating lists unnecessarily cumbersome, which I find I
> frequently do, either when I test code and want to run it with lists of
> varying elements or varying orders of elements or when I maintain lists
> manually over time and have to add or delete elements from them.
>
> Is there a reason for this behavior in R and might it not be a good idea
> to change it?
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