Only for the record, an unnecessary overhead when nothing is assigned: > x <- integer(10) > str(x) int [1:10] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 > x[c()] <- 1.0; > str(x) num [1:10] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 'x' could equally well have renamed untouched. /Henrik