varimax {stats} R Documentation

## Rotation Methods for Factor Analysis

### Usage

varimax(x, normalize = TRUE, eps = 1e-5)
promax(x, m = 4)


### Arguments

 x A loadings matrix, with p rows and k < p columns m The power used the target for promax. Values of 2 to 4 are recommended. normalize logical. Should Kaiser normalization be performed? If so the rows of x are re-scaled to unit length before rotation, and scaled back afterwards. eps The tolerance for stopping: the relative change in the sum of singular values.

### Details

These seek a ‘rotation’ of the factors x %*% T that aims to clarify the structure of the loadings matrix. The matrix T is a rotation (possibly with reflection) for varimax, but a general linear transformation for promax, with the variance of the factors being preserved.

### Value

A list with components

 loadings The ‘rotated’ loadings matrix, x %*% rotmat, of class "loadings". rotmat The ‘rotation’ matrix.

### References

Hendrickson, A. E. and White, P. O. (1964). Promax: a quick method for rotation to orthogonal oblique structure. British Journal of Statistical Psychology, 17, 65–70. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8317.1964.tb00244.x.

Horst, P. (1965). Factor Analysis of Data Matrices. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Chapter 10.

Kaiser, H. F. (1958). The varimax criterion for analytic rotation in factor analysis. Psychometrika, 23, 187–200. doi:10.1007/BF02289233.

Lawley, D. N. and Maxwell, A. E. (1971). Factor Analysis as a Statistical Method, second edition. Butterworths.

factanal, Harman74.cor.
## varimax with normalize = TRUE is the default