lm.fit {stats} R Documentation

## Fitter Functions for Linear Models

### Description

These are the basic computing engines called by lm used to fit linear models. These should usually not be used directly unless by experienced users. .lm.fit() is bare bone wrapper to the innermost QR-based C code, on which glm.fit and lsfit are based as well, for even more experienced users.

### Usage

lm.fit (x, y,    offset = NULL, method = "qr", tol = 1e-7,
singular.ok = TRUE, ...)

lm.wfit(x, y, w, offset = NULL, method = "qr", tol = 1e-7,
singular.ok = TRUE, ...)

.lm.fit(x, y, tol = 1e-7)


### Arguments

 x design matrix of dimension n * p. y vector of observations of length n, or a matrix with n rows. w vector of weights (length n) to be used in the fitting process for the wfit functions. Weighted least squares is used with weights w, i.e., sum(w * e^2) is minimized. offset (numeric of length n). This can be used to specify an a priori known component to be included in the linear predictor during fitting. method currently, only method = "qr" is supported. tol tolerance for the qr decomposition. Default is 1e-7. singular.ok logical. If FALSE, a singular model is an error. ... currently disregarded.

### Value

a list with components (for lm.fit and lm.wfit)

 coefficients p vector residuals n vector or matrix fitted.values n vector or matrix effects n vector of orthogonal single-df effects. The first rank of them correspond to non-aliased coefficients, and are named accordingly. weights n vector — only for the *wfit* functions. rank integer, giving the rank df.residual degrees of freedom of residuals qr the QR decomposition, see qr.

Fits without any columns or non-zero weights do not have the effects and qr components.

.lm.fit() returns a subset of the above, the qr part unwrapped, plus a logical component pivoted indicating if the underlying QR algorithm did pivot.

lm which you should use for linear least squares regression, unless you know better.

### Examples

require(utils)

set.seed(129)

n <- 7 ; p <- 2
X <- matrix(rnorm(n * p), n, p) # no intercept!
y <- rnorm(n)
w <- rnorm(n)^2

str(lmw <- lm.wfit(x = X, y = y, w = w))

str(lm. <- lm.fit (x = X, y = y))

if(require("microbenchmark")) {
mb <- microbenchmark(lm(y~X), lm.fit(X,y), .lm.fit(X,y))
print(mb)
boxplot(mb, notch=TRUE)
}



[Package stats version 4.3.0 Index]