Yearly Sunspot Data, 1700–1988

Description

Yearly numbers of sunspots from 1700 to 1988 (rounded to one digit).

Note that monthly numbers are available as sunspot.month, though starting slightly later.

Usage

sunspot.year

Format

The univariate time series sunspot.year contains 289 observations, and is of class "ts".

Source

H. Tong (1996) Non-Linear Time Series. Clarendon Press, Oxford, p. 471.

See Also

For monthly sunspot numbers, see sunspot.month and sunspots.

Regularly updated yearly sunspot numbers are available from WDC-SILSO, Royal Observatory of Belgium, at https://www.sidc.be/SILSO/datafiles

Examples

utils::str(sm <- sunspots)# the monthly version we keep unchanged
utils::str(sy <- sunspot.year)
## The common time interval
(t1 <- c(max(start(sm), start(sy)),     1)) # Jan 1749
(t2 <- c(min(  end(sm)[1],end(sy)[1]), 12)) # Dec 1983 (will not be updated!)
s.m <- window(sm, start=t1, end=t2)
s.y <- window(sy, start=t1, end=t2[1])
stopifnot(length(s.y) * 12 == length(s.m),
          ## The yearly series *is* close to the averages of the monthly one:
          all.equal(s.y, aggregate(s.m, FUN = mean), tolerance = 0.0020))
## NOTE: Strangely, correctly weighting the number of days per month
##       (using 28.25 for February) is *not* closer than the simple mean:
ndays <- c(31, 28.25, rep(c(31,30, 31,30, 31), 2))
all.equal(s.y, aggregate(s.m, FUN = mean))                     # 0.0013
all.equal(s.y, aggregate(s.m, FUN = weighted.mean, w = ndays)) # 0.0017