| Type: | Package |
| Title: | Spectral Data for Light-Emitting-Diodes |
| Version: | 0.5.2 |
| Date: | 2023-11-01 |
| Maintainer: | Pedro J. Aphalo <pedro.aphalo@helsinki.fi> |
| Description: | Spectral emission data for some frequently used light emitting diodes available as electronic components. Part of the 'r4photobiology' suite, Aphalo P. J. (2015) <doi:10.19232/uv4pb.2015.1.14>. |
| License: | GPL-2 | GPL-3 [expanded from: GPL (≥ 2)] |
| VignetteBuilder: | knitr |
| Depends: | R (≥ 4.0.0), photobiology (≥ 0.10.14) |
| Suggests: | photobiologyWavebands (≥ 0.4.5), photobiologyLamps (≥ 0.5.0), ggspectra (≥ 0.3.8), knitr (≥ 1.37), rmarkdown (≥ 2.13) |
| LazyLoad: | yes |
| LazyData: | yes |
| ByteCompile: | true |
| Encoding: | UTF-8 |
| URL: | https://docs.r4photobiology.info/photobiologyLEDs/, https://github.com/aphalo/photobiologyLEDs |
| BugReports: | https://github.com/aphalo/photobiologyLEDs/issues |
| RoxygenNote: | 7.2.3 |
| NeedsCompilation: | no |
| Packaged: | 2023-11-01 21:16:04 UTC; aphalo |
| Author: | Pedro J. Aphalo 
[aut, cre],
Shafiuddin Ahmed [ctb] |
| Repository: | CRAN |
| Date/Publication: | 2023-11-01 23:10:02 UTC |
photobiologyLEDs: Spectral Data for Light-Emitting-Diodes
Description
Spectral emission data for some frequently used light emitting diodes available as electronic components. Part of the 'r4photobiology' suite, Aphalo P. J. (2015) doi:10.19232/uv4pb.2015.1.14.
Details
Data for emission spectra of different types of LEDs and LED arrays.
The package contains one main collection of spectra for different LEDs
available as electronic components through hole (th), surface mount devices
(SMD) and chip-on-board (COB) packages with no built-in driver circuitry to
limit the current, leds.mspct. Data for LED bulbs and LED
luminaires/lamps are included in package
photobiologyLamps-package. Two smaller
collections, provide spectra for a COB LED driven with varying current or
constant-current (CC) dimming, COB_dimming.mspct, and at fixed
current but in combination with different reflectors,
COB_reflectors.mspct.
In addition to the spectra the package provides character vectors of names to
be used as indexes to subset groups of spectra from leds.mspct. In all
cases spectral data are normalized to spectral energy irradiance equal to one
at the wavelength of maximum spectral energy irradiance (strongest emission
peak). In most cases the multiplier used for normalization can be obtained by
quering the object. However, this is useful only in those cases where the
distance from source to entrance optics of the spectrometer and alignment
were recorded.
All LEDs have been measured at room temperature mounted on passive heatsinks and usually driven near their maximum current rating. Precision power supplies or LED drivers were used to drive them at constant current.
The number of different LED types available is enormous, and this collection attempts only to provide examples for some of them. Which types are included is the result of what has been bought for specific uses at my lab or out of curiosity since 1995 to the present. Which brands and LED types are included, should not be interpreted as endorsement of any supplier.
Warning!
None of the spectral data included in this package are based on supplier's specifications and are only for information. The exact emission spectrum of a LED depends to some extent on testing conditions, but more importantly among individual LED dies. Spectral specifications are usually given by typical and boundary values. Furthermore, most manufacturers classify LEDs of a given type into "bins" with slightly different colour and electrical characteristics. In addition, the performance of LEDs deteriorates with use, with light output decreasing faster if driven with high current or if they overheat as a consequence of insufficient cooling. In other words, the data provided here are not a substitute for actual measurements of radiation emission and spectrum of the LEDs actually used in a given piece of scientific research or other important work. For less demanding situations, such as planning of experiments or testing the sanity of independent measurements, the data are in most cases reliable enough but perfect agreement with measurements on other LEDs of the same exact type should not be expected.
Note
Some of the LEDs were bought from AliExpress sellers while others were sourced from major electronic component distributors like Farnell, RS components, Digi-Key, Mouser, TME, Roithner-Lasertechnik, and Lumitronix/LedRise. In the case of some AliExpress sellers or smaller webstores sometimes the exact type specifications are not available. Some of the Chinese sellers package the LEDs they sell using LED dies (= chips) from major brands and provide this brand name. In very recent times this seems to have expanded in some cases to include high density COB packages. Be aware that in recent times the word COB is being used by AliExpress, Bangood and eBay sellers to describe old-style arrays where the LED chips are not directly attached to a board to maximize thermal conductance. In this package, we use COB in its more restricted meaning and name other packages simply LED array.
Author(s)
Maintainer: Pedro J. Aphalo pedro.aphalo@helsinki.fi (ORCID)
Other contributors:
Shafiuddin Ahmed [contributor]
References
Aphalo, Pedro J. (2015) The r4photobiology suite. UV4Plants Bulletin, 2015:1, 21-29. doi:10.19232/uv4pb.2015.1.14.
See Also
Useful links:
Report bugs at https://github.com/aphalo/photobiologyLEDs/issues
Examples
library(photobiology)
names(leds.mspct)
led_brands
white_leds
qe_ratio(leds.mspct$Nichia_NS6L183AT_H1_sw) * 1e6 # umol / J
is_normalized(leds.mspct$Nichia_NS6L183AT_H1_sw)
cat(comment(leds.mspct$Nichia_NS6L183AT_H1_sw))
when_measured(leds.mspct$Nichia_NS6L183AT_H1_sw)
how_measured(leds.mspct$Nichia_NS6L183AT_H1_sw)
Constant-current dimming of LEDs
Description
A collection of emission spectra of a light-emitting-diode driven at different constant current.
Usage
COB_dimming.mspct
COB_dimming.tb
Format
A "source_mspct" object containing 8
"source_spct" objects.
In each of the member spectra, the variables are as follows:
w.length (nm)
s.e.irrad (W m-2 nm-1)
An object of class tbl_df (inherits from tbl, data.frame) with 8 rows and 6 columns.
Details
The "COB_dimming.mspct" object contains "source_spct"
objects with spectral irradiance data with the same Optisolis COB LED from
Nichia driven at different values of constant current. Distance from LED to
cosine diffuser was 159 mm; a reflector was attached to the LED to make the
light beam narrower. Spectra are not normalized. The position for
the LED with respect to the entrace optics did not vary among measurements.
The COB LED used is the chip-on-board (COB) Optisolis type NFCWL036B-V3-Rfcb0 from Nichia with CRI > 95. Nominal electrical power of 10.3 W at nominal current of 270 mA. So, two spectra are for the COB over-driven, which is possible with enough cooling, but not recommended.
The spectral data are not expressed at constant wavelength intervals. Not
only the intervals vary in the raw data from the array spectrometer, but in
addition function thin_wl has been applied to
reduce the storage space needed. In brief the wavelength interval has been
increased as much as possible in those regions of the spectrum that lack
detailed features (such as linear slopes and wavelength regions with zero
light emission).
Note
Please see the metadata in each spectrum. These metadata are
stored as attributes of the individual source_spct objects and can accessed with functions
comment,
getWhatMeasured,
getWhenMeasured,
getHowMeasured,
getInstrDesc and
getInstrSettings.
See also the comment attribute of the COB_dimming.mspct
object.
References
https://www.ledil.com/ https://www.nichia.co.jp/en/
Examples
library(photobiology)
names(COB_dimming.mspct)
# photon irradiance in umol m-2 s-1, and relative to maximum
q_irrad(COB_dimming.mspct, scale.factor = 1e6)
# precomputed values and measured supply current
COB_dimming.tb
LEDs with reflectors
Description
A collection of emission spectra of a light-emitting-diode when combined with different reflectors.
Usage
COB_reflectors.mspct
Format
A "source_mspct" object containing 4
"source_spct" objects.
In each of the member spectra, the variables are as follows:
w.length (nm)
s.e.irrad (W m-2 nm-1)
Details
The "COB_reflectors.mspct" object contains
"source_spct" objects with spectral irradiance data with the same
Optisolis COB LED from Nichia, and different reflectors from the Mirella-G2
series from LEDiL . Distance from LED to cosine diffuser was 159 mm.
Spectra are not normalized. It needs to be taken into account than even in
these cases measurements have not been done in an optical bench, so values
of spectral irradiance are subject to errors due to possible
misalignment.
The COB LED used is the chip-on-board (COB) Optisolis type NFCWL036B-V3-Rfcb0 from Nichia with CRI > 95. Nominal electrical power of 10.3 W at nominal current of 270 mA. Spectra are for the COB over-driven at 350 mA, which is possible with enough cooling, but not recommended.
The spectral data are not expressed at constant wavelength intervals. Not
only the intervals vary in the raw data from the array spectrometer, but in
addition function thin_wl has been applied to
reduce the storage space needed. In brief the wavelength interval has been
increased as much as possible in those regions of the spectrum that lack
detailed features (such as linear slopes and wavelength regions with zero
light emission).
Note
Please see the metadata in each spectrum. These metadata are
stored as attributes of the individual source_spct objects and can accessed with functions
comment,
getWhatMeasured,
getWhenMeasured,
getHowMeasured,
getInstrDesc and
getInstrSettings.
See also the comment attribute of the COB_reflectors.mspct
object.
References
https://www.ledil.com/ https://www.nichia.co.jp/en/
Examples
library(photobiology)
names(COB_reflectors.mspct)
# calculate photon irradiances in umol m-2 s-2 and relative to no reflector
irrads <- q_irrad(COB_reflectors.mspct, scale.factor = 1e6)
irrads$Q_Total_rel <- irrads$Q_Total / min(irrads$Q_Total)
irrads
Spectral data for LEDs from different suppliers
Description
The collection of spectra leds.mspct contains spectra for light
emitting diodes (LEDs) from several different suppliers. The character
vectors described here contain the names of the spectra for LEDs from each
supplier/brand to facilitate their extraction from the collection. One
additional vector, led_brands contains the names of the brands as used
in the names of the spectra in the collection.
Usage
led_brands
Agilent_leds
HueyJann_leds
LedEngin_leds
Ledguhon_leds
LCFOCUS_leds
Marktech_leds
CREE_leds
Epileds_leds
Epistar_leds
SeoulSemicon_leds
Bridgelux_leds
Nichia_leds
Norlux_leds
Osram_leds
QuantumDevices_leds
Roithner_leds
Weili_leds
TaoYuan_leds
Luminus_leds
Samsung_leds
Format
A vector of character strings.
An object of class character of length 7.
An object of class character of length 2.
An object of class character of length 15.
An object of class character of length 2.
An object of class character of length 4.
An object of class character of length 1.
An object of class character of length 1.
An object of class character of length 8.
An object of class character of length 1.
An object of class character of length 3.
An object of class character of length 2.
An object of class character of length 9.
An object of class character of length 4.
An object of class character of length 3.
An object of class character of length 4.
An object of class character of length 15.
An object of class character of length 5.
An object of class character of length 1.
An object of class character of length 1.
An object of class character of length 1.
Details
As described for the individual brands, ownership of brands and companies has changed over the years through take-overs, mergers and sales of company divisions. Even when brand names have changed it has been the norm for electronic components that component type codes are maintained unchanged. In contrast to some integrated circuits, exact replacement types from multiple suppliers are not available for LEDs.
Agilent/Hewlett Packard
The character vector Agilent_leds contains the names of the spectra to
facilitate their extraction from the collection.The division of Hewlett
Packard which supplied these LEDs became part of Agilent when this division
spin-off the mother company. More recently the electronic components division
of Agilent became Avago Technologies for a while. Currently, BROADCOM
supplies some of these LEDs or similar improved types.
Huey Jann
Huey Jann was a Taiwanese supplier of high power LED arrays. It is no longer in business.
LED Engin
Led Engin was an independent supplier of power LEDs in low thermal resistance ceramic substrate packages. It is now part of Osram.
LEDGUHON
These LEDs where bought from AliExpress. They are assembled using Bridgelux chips by Guangzhou Juhong Optoelectronics Co., Ltd., China.
LCFOCUS
These LEDs where bought from LCFOCUS official store at AliExpress. They are assembled LCFOCUS TECH, Shenzhen China.
Marktech
Marktech Optoelectronics is a distributor and supplier of LEDs from the U.S.A. that sells VIS and UV emitting LEDs.
CREE
The former LED products group of Cree is now Cree LED (U.S.A.) and a part of SGH.
Epileds
EPI LEDS Co., Ltd. (Taiwan) is devoted to the R & D, design, manufacture and sales of blue, green, red, and white light LED wafers and chips.
Epistar
EPISTAR Corporation (Taiwan).
Seoul Semiconductors
Seoul Semiconductor (Korea) supplies LEDs, including SunLike white LEDs using 'phosphor' technology from Toshiba (Japan). Seoul Viosys supplies UV LEDs based on an agreement with SETi (U.S.A.).
Bridgelux
Bridgelux, Inc. (U.S.A.) is a supplier of LEDs partnering with Epistar and Kaistar for the manufacture of their LEDs.
Nichia
With 24 in the world and inventor of the blue (and also white) light emitting diodes. The company was already an important supplier of 'phosphors' before the invention of the white LEDs based on blue-emitting LED chips.
Some of the Nichia LEDs we measured were assembled into arrays of the series names SmartArray and LinearZ from LUMITRONIX (Germany), and/or supplied by LEDRISE Ltd. (Hong Kong, Germany and Romania) .
Norlux
Norlux is now part of Thomas Research Products. The LEDs we measured are some of the earliest COB designs from early 1990's. Each COB containing 90 LED chips. (Norlux is no longer in bussiness.)
Osram
ams-OSRAM International GmbH (Germany) produces LEDS and various light and other sensors. Current trade name for LEDs is Osram Opto Semiconductors. Osram has recently become owner of Led Engin, whose LEDs are listed separately in this pacakge. LEDs supplied under the LED Engin brand differ mostly in the packages' thermal properties and contact layout.
Quantum Devices
Quantum Devices (U.S.A.) sold in the past both individual LEDs and luminaires. They were in the late 1980's and early 1990's the supplier of choice for LEDs emitting in the far-red region of the spectrum. The company still exists but no longer sells LEDs.
Roithner LaserTechnik
Roithner LaserTechnik is a distributor and reseller of LEDs, LED arrays and lasers. They have a very extensive catalogue covering almost all wavelengths for which LEDs are manufactured. Many of the LEDs are sold under new codes as they are retested and in some cases individual characterization data provided. For example some of short UV LEDs sold are from SETi.
Shenzhen Weili
Leds Global and Shenzhen Weili are trade names of the same supplier of LEDs and LED arrays. They sell both standard types and also assemble customized arrays upon request. Customized arrays may have up to twelve independent channels and vary in power output from 10 W to 300 W.
Tao Yuan
TaoYuan Electron (Hong Kong and China) is a supplier of LEDs and LED arrays.
Luminus
Luminus Devices (USA) is a supplier of SMD LEDs and COB LEDs as components.
Samsung
Samsung LEDs (South Korea) is a supplier of SMD LEDs and COB LEDs as components.
References
https://www.broadcom.com/products/leds-and-displays/
https://www.osram.us/ledengin/
https://www.epileds.com.tw/en/
http://www.seoulsemicon.com/en/
https://www.nichia.co.jp/en/product/led.html
https://www.roithner-laser.com/ and http://www.s-et.com/en/
See Also
Examples
led_brands
Agilent_leds
Spectral data for LEDs of different colours
Description
Names of members of the collection of emission spectra
leds.mspct grouped by the wavelength ranges or colors
at which they predominantly emit energy.
Usage
led_colors
uv_leds
purple_leds
ir_leds
blue_leds
green_leds
yellow_leds
orange_leds
red_leds
amber_leds
white_leds
multi_channel_leds
single_channel_leds
Format
A vector of character strings.
An object of class character of length 18.
An object of class character of length 9.
An object of class character of length 7.
An object of class character of length 12.
An object of class character of length 9.
An object of class character of length 1.
An object of class character of length 5.
An object of class character of length 12.
An object of class character of length 4.
An object of class character of length 19.
An object of class character of length 12.
An object of class character of length 81.
Details
The character vectors "uv_leds", "purple_leds",
"blue_leds", "green_leds", "yellow_leds",
"orange_leds" and "red_leds" contain the names of the members
of leds.mspct with peaks of emission within the wavelength range
corresponding to the light colours as defined by ISO standards. Vector
amber_leds is the union of "yellow_leds" and
"orange_leds". Vector white_leds contains the names of spectra
for LEDs with broad or multiple peaks of emission in the visible range.
Vectors "uv_leds" and "ir_leds" contain the names for LEDs with
peak emission at wavelengths < 400 nm and wavelengths > 700 nm, respectively.
Vector "multi_channel_leds" contains names of spectra for LED arrays
that contain LED chips of more than one colour grouped into channels that can
be powered, and thus controlled, independently.
These vectors can be used to extract subsets of spectra from
leds.mspct.
See Also
leds.mspct,
VIS_bands,
UV_bands.
Examples
uv_leds
blue_leds
red_leds
white_leds
multi_channel_leds
# select LEDs emitting in the amber (yellow to orange) region
leds.mspct[amber_leds]
Spectral data for LEDs for different uses
Description
The collection of spectra leds.mspct contains spectra for light
emitting diodes (LEDs) designed for specific uses as well as for general
illumination. The character
vectors described here contain the names of the spectra for LEDs sold for
specific uses to facilitate their extraction from the collection. One
additional vector, led_use contains the wording of uses as
in the names of the spectra in the collection.
Usage
led_uses
plant_grow_leds
high_CRI_leds
Format
A vector of character strings.
An object of class character of length 7.
An object of class character of length 9.
Details
Most LEDs can be useful in different situations individually or in combination with other types. The lists are thus not exclusive but rather indicate a typical use.
Plant grow
The character vector plant_grow_leds contains the names of the spectra
to facilitate their extraction from the collection. This includes LEDs
designed to be the only light sources as well as LEDs designed to be used
together with other LEDs to assemble luminaires used for plant cultivation,
either as only light source or to supplement natural light.
High color reproduction index
The character vector high_CRI_leds contains the names of the spectra
to facilitate their extraction from the collection. This includes white LEDs
with a high color reproduction index (CRI > 95) as computed from the actual
measured spectra. Nowadays some of these types of LEDs are not only
advertised as good from illumination in museums, exhibitions and as light
sources for video and photography, but also as less stressful to human vision
and in some cases as good for the entraining of the human circadian clock. In
practice this means an emission spectrum covering most of visible light with
only minor peaks and valleys.
See Also
Examples
led_uses
plant_grow_leds
Spectral irradiance for diverse LEDs
Description
A collection of emission spectra of light-emitting-diodes from different suppliers.
Usage
leds.mspct
Format
A "source_mspct" object containing 74
"source_spct" objects.
In each of the member spectra, the variables are as follows:
w.length (nm)
s.e.irrad (W m-2 nm-1)
Details
The "leds.mspct" object contains "source_spct" objects
with spectral irradiance data. As the exact distance from LED to cosine
diffuser and/or the the driving current vary among spectra, they have been
all normalized to the wavelength of maximum spectral energy irradiance.
When the details of the measurement conditions are know, these are stored
as metadata attributes. In any case, it needs to be taken into account than even
in these cases measurements have not been done in an optical bench, so
values of spectral irradiance are subject to errors due to possible
misalignment. The shape of the spectra, in contrast can be relied upon as
measurements were done with well calibrated instruments.
The output of LEDs at a given current decreases as their temperature increases. The wavelength at the peak of emission can depend on the temperature and current, but shifts tend to be only a couple of nanometres. In LED arrays with heterogeneous LED chips or white LEDs based on secondary emission from phosphor the shave of the spectrum can slightly change depending on the drive current and temperature.
There is variation among LEDs of the same type, specially with respect wavelength and light output. The data included are for individual LEDs and can be expected to differ to some extent from the typical values in the manufacturers specifications. Some of the LEDs for which data are included are only of historical interest as their production has been discontinued, usually replaced by new types with enhanced performance. When known, the approximate "vintage" is provided in the metadata.
The spectral data are not expressed at constant wavelength intervals. Not
only the intervals vary in the raw data from the array spectrometer, but in
addition function thin_wl has been applied to
reduce the storage space needed. In brief the wavelength interval has been
increased as much as possible in those regions of the spectrum that lack
detailed features (such as linear slopes and wavelength regions with zero
light emission).
Note
Please see the help page for led_brands for LED
suppliers' contact information.
Please see the metadata in each spectrum for other information.
These metadata are
stored as attributes of the individual source_spct objects and can
accessed with functions
comment,
getWhatMeasured,
getWhenMeasured and
getHowMeasured.
Some of the spectra also contain
information on the measurement accessible with
getInstrDesc and
getInstrSettings.
See also the comment attribute of the leds.mspct
object.
See Also
Examples
library(photobiology)
names(leds.mspct)
leds.mspct$Nichia_NS6L183AT_H1_sw
cat(getWhatMeasured(leds.mspct$Nichia_NS6L183AT_H1_sw))
peaks(leds.mspct$Nichia_NS6L183AT_H1_sw, span = 100)
wl_range(leds.mspct$Nichia_NS6L183AT_H1_sw)
wl_stepsize(leds.mspct$Nichia_NS6L183AT_H1_sw)
intersect(LedEngin_leds, blue_leds)
leds.mspct[intersect(LedEngin_leds, blue_leds)]
Spectra acquired with an Ocean Optics Maya2000 Pro spectrometer
Description
The collection of spectra leds.mspct contains spectra for some
COB arrays of light emitting diodes (LEDs) from multiple sources. Most of
them were measured with the same spectrometer. Data are normalized to one at
the wavelength of maximum emission. The character vector oo_maya_leds
contains the names of the spectra to facilitate their extraction from the
collection. The vector oo_maya_leds contains the names of
the spectra acquired with an Ocean Optics Maya2000
Pro spectrometer to facilitate their extraction from the collection..
Usage
oo_maya_leds
Format
A vector of character strings.
Details
Instrument used is an Ocean Optics Maya2000 Pro single-monochromator array spectroradiometer with a Bentham cosine corrected input optics. A complex set of corrections and calibration procedure used. Raw spectral data were acquired and/or processed with R package 'ooacquire'.
Note
Ocean Optics is now named Ocean Insight.
References
See Also
Examples
oo_maya_leds