Converting between GeoJSON and sf

D Cooley

2022-05-31

What it does

Quickly converts between GeoJSON and sf objects

What it doesn’t do

As per GeoJSON (RFC 7946 specification), foreign members are ignored, and nested objects and arrays inside the properties object are converted to string/characters.

library(geojsonsf)
# library(sf)

You would also typically load library(sf) to take advantange of its plot methods.

GeoJSON

Geometry

p <- '{"type":"Point","coordinates":[0,0]}'
sf <- geojson_sf(p)
head(sf)
#>   geometry
#> 1     0, 0

Geometry Collection

gc <- '{
  "type": "GeometryCollection",
  "geometries": [
    {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [100.0, 0.0]},
    {"type": "LineString", "coordinates": [[101.0, 0.0], [102.0, 1.0]]},
    {"type" : "MultiPoint", "coordinates" : [[0,0], [1,1], [2,2]]}
  ]
}'
sf <- geojson_sf(gc)
head(sf)
#>                                   geometry
#> 1 100, 0, 101, 102, 0, 1, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2

Some web-plotting libraries (such as googleway) can’t plot GeometryCollections directly. Therefore, you can set expand_geometries to TRUE and it will extract each geometry from a GeometryCollection and create a row for each one

gc <- '{
  "type": "GeometryCollection",
  "geometries": [
    {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [100.0, 0.0]},
    {"type": "LineString", "coordinates": [[101.0, 0.0], [102.0, 1.0]]},
    {"type" : "MultiPoint", "coordinates" : [[0,0], [1,1], [2,2]]}
  ]
}'
sf <- geojson_sf(gc, expand_geometries = T)
head(sf)
#>           geometry
#> 1           100, 0
#> 2   101, 102, 0, 1
#> 3 0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2

Feature

f <- '{
    "type": "Feature",
    "properties": {"id":1,"value":100,"text":"the quick brown fox"},
    "geometry": {
      "type": "LineString", 
      "coordinates": [[101.0, 0.0], [102.0, 1.0]]
      }
    }'
sf <- geojson_sf(f)
head(sf)
#>   id value                text       geometry
#> 1  1   100 the quick brown fox 101, 102, 0, 1

Feature Collection

fc <- '{
  "type": "FeatureCollection",
  "features": [
  {
    "type": "Feature",
    "properties": {"foo" : "feature 1.1", "bar" : "feature 1.2"},
    "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [100.0, 0.0]}
  },
  {
    "type": "Feature",
    "properties": null,
    "geometry": {"type": "LineString", "coordinates": [[101.0, 0.0], [102.0, 1.0]]}
  },
  {
    "type": "Feature",
        "properties": {"foo" : "feature 3.1", "bar" : "feature 3.2"},
        "geometry": {"type": "LineString", "coordinates": [[101.0, 0.0], [102.0, 1.0]]}
    }
 ]
}'
sf <- geojson_sf(fc)
head(sf)
#>           foo         bar       geometry
#> 1 feature 1.1 feature 1.2         100, 0
#> 2        <NA>        <NA> 101, 102, 0, 1
#> 3 feature 3.1 feature 3.2 101, 102, 0, 1

Vectors of GeoJSON

geo <- c(p, gc, f, fc)
sf <- geojson_sf(geo)
head(sf)
#>   id value                text                                 geometry
#> 1 NA    NA                <NA>                                     0, 0
#> 2 NA    NA                <NA> 100, 0, 101, 102, 0, 1, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2
#> 3  1   100 the quick brown fox                           101, 102, 0, 1
#> 4 NA    NA                <NA>                                   100, 0
#> 5 NA    NA                <NA>                           101, 102, 0, 1
#> 6 NA    NA                <NA>                           101, 102, 0, 1
#>           foo         bar
#> 1        <NA>        <NA>
#> 2        <NA>        <NA>
#> 3        <NA>        <NA>
#> 4 feature 1.1 feature 1.2
#> 5        <NA>        <NA>
#> 6 feature 3.1 feature 3.2

JSON Arrays of GeoJSON


js <- '[
{
  "type": "FeatureCollection",
  "features": [
  {
    "type": "Feature",
    "properties": null,
    "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [100.0, 0.0]}
  },
  {
    "type": "Feature",
    "properties": null,
    "geometry": {"type": "LineString", "coordinates": [[201.0, 0.0], [102.0, 1.0]]}
  },
  {
    "type": "Feature",
        "properties": null,
        "geometry": {"type": "LineString", "coordinates": [[301.0, 0.0], [102.0, 1.0]]}
    }
 ]
},
{
  "type": "FeatureCollection",
    "features": [
    {
      "type": "Feature",
      "properties": null,
      "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [100.0, 0.0]}
    },
    {
      "type": "Feature",
      "properties": null,
      "geometry": {"type": "LineString", "coordinates": [[501.0, 0.0], [102.0, 1.0]]}
    },
    {
      "type": "Feature",
      "properties": null,
      "geometry": {"type": "LineString", "coordinates": [[601.0, 0.0], [102.0, 1.0]]}
    }
  ]
}
]'

sf <- geojson_sf(js)
head(sf)
#>         geometry
#> 1         100, 0
#> 2 201, 102, 0, 1
#> 3 301, 102, 0, 1
#> 4         100, 0
#> 5 501, 102, 0, 1
#> 6 601, 102, 0, 1

Reading from URL

url <- "http://eric.clst.org/assets/wiki/uploads/Stuff/gz_2010_us_050_00_500k.json"
sf <- geojson_sf(url)
#head(sf)

Reading from file

sf <- geojson_sf(system.file("examples", "geo_melbourne.geojson", package = "geojsonsf"))
head(sf)
#>                 SA2_NAME polygonId strokeColor           SA3_NAME AREASQKM
#> 1             Abbotsford        70     #440154              Yarra   1.7405
#> 2            Albert Park        59     #450457       Port Phillip   4.6747
#> 3 Alphington - Fairfield        41     #46075A    Darebin - South   2.8853
#> 4               Armadale        66     #460A5D Stonnington - West   2.1835
#> 5             Ascot Vale        44     #460C5F           Essendon   3.8361
#> 6              Brunswick        36     #472D7B Brunswick - Coburg   5.1425
#>   fillColor strokeWeight
#> 1   #440154            1
#> 2   #450457            1
#> 3   #46075A            1
#> 4   #460A5D            1
#> 5   #460C5F            1
#> 6   #472D7B            1
#>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   geometry
#> 1                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 144.99252, 144.99265, 144.99268, 144.99269, 144.99275, 144.99283, 144.99286, 144.99294, 144.99298, 144.99309, 144.99319, 144.99324, 144.99330, 144.99342, 144.99359, 144.99388, 144.99406, 144.99434, 144.99446, 144.99483, 144.99492, 144.99500, 144.99507, 144.99536, 144.99548, 144.99548, 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#> 2                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     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#> 4                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     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#> 5                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           144.89941, 144.89977, 144.90060, 144.90094, 144.90250, 144.90359, 144.90408, 144.90520, 144.90663, 144.90749, 144.90802, 144.90884, 144.90915, 144.91005, 144.91029, 144.91066, 144.91113, 144.91142, 144.91252, 144.91368, 144.91481, 144.91502, 144.91548, 144.91617, 144.91673, 144.91809, 144.91835, 144.91956, 144.92064, 144.92192, 144.92316, 144.92392, 144.92526, 144.92632, 144.92644, 144.92693, 144.92688, 144.92726, 144.92743, 144.92764, 144.93025, 144.93033, 144.93199, 144.93208, 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#> 6                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              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144.95871, 144.95906, 144.96008, 144.96153, 144.96173, 144.96217, 144.96388, 144.96411, 144.96481, 144.96599, 144.96736, 144.96751, 144.96811, 144.96941, 144.97040, 144.97113, 144.97232, 144.97331, 144.97392, 144.97403, 144.97485, 144.97610, 144.97661, 144.97697, 144.97662, 144.97575, 144.97513, 144.97513, 144.97510, 144.97450, 144.97395, 144.97391, 144.97389, 144.97386, 144.97408, 144.97406, 144.97403, 144.97398, 144.97382, 144.97362, 144.97359, 144.97350, 144.97334, 144.97339, 144.97305, 144.97305, 144.97293, 144.97279, 144.97273, 144.97258, 144.97229, 144.97218, 144.97217, 144.97197, 144.97186, 144.97171, 144.97165, 144.97162, 144.97160, 144.97150, 144.97137, 144.97127, 144.97121, 144.97113, 144.97113, 144.97101, 144.97104, 144.97095, 144.97092, 144.97084, 144.97069, 144.97058, 144.97052, 144.96899, 144.96809, 144.96764, 144.96771, 144.96721, 144.96597, 144.96518, 144.96394, 144.96333, 144.96248, 144.96162, 144.96147, 144.96022, 144.95990, 144.95926, 144.95808, 144.95645, 144.95512, 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sf to GeoJSON

geo <- sf_geojson(sf)
substr(geo, 1, 80)
#> {"type":"FeatureCollection","features":[{"type":"Feature","properties":{"SA2_NAM

Atomising

Sometimes it’s useful to convert each row of an sf object into it’s own GeoJSON object, for example when you want to keep each geometry separate in a database. Set atomise = TRUE to return a vector of GeoJSON

geo <- sf_geojson(sf, atomise = T)

now geo is a vector of GeoJSON

substr(geo[1], 1, 80)
#> [1] "{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"properties\":{\"SA2_NAME\":\"Abbotsford\",\"polygonId\":70.0,\"stroke"
substr(geo[2], 1, 80)
#> [1] "{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"properties\":{\"SA2_NAME\":\"Albert Park\",\"polygonId\":59.0,\"strok"

Well-known Text

It also converts GeoJSON to Well-Known Text and returns a data.frame

fc <- '{
  "type": "FeatureCollection",
  "features": [
  {
    "type": "Feature",
    "properties": {"foo" : "feature 1.1", "bar" : "feature 1.2"},
    "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [100.0, 0.0]}
  },
  {
    "type": "Feature",
    "properties": null,
    "geometry": {"type": "LineString", "coordinates": [[101.0, 0.0], [102.0, 1.0]]}
  },
  {
    "type": "Feature",
        "properties": {"foo" : "feature 3.1", "bar" : "feature 3.2"},
        "geometry": {"type": "LineString", "coordinates": [[101.0, 0.0], [102.0, 1.0]]}
    }
 ]
}'
df <- geojson_wkt(fc)
head(df)
#>           foo         bar                 geometry
#> 1 feature 1.1 feature 1.2            POINT (100 0)
#> 2        <NA>        <NA> LINESTRING (101 0,102 1)
#> 3 feature 3.1 feature 3.2 LINESTRING (101 0,102 1)