emmeans: Estimated Marginal Means, aka Least-Squares Means

Obtain estimated marginal means (EMMs) for many linear, generalized linear, and mixed models. Compute contrasts or linear functions of EMMs, trends, and comparisons of slopes. Plots and other displays. Least-squares means are discussed, and the term "estimated marginal means" is suggested, in Searle, Speed, and Milliken (1980) Population marginal means in the linear model: An alternative to least squares means, The American Statistician 34(4), 216-221 <doi:10.1080/00031305.1980.10483031>.

Version:	2.0.0
Depends:	R (≥ 4.1.0)
Imports:	estimability (≥ 1.4.1), graphics, methods, mvtnorm, numDeriv, rlang, stats, utils
Suggests:	bayesplot, bayestestR, biglm, brms, car, coda (≥ 0.17), compositions, ggplot2, knitr, lattice, lme4, lmerTest (≥ 2.0.32), logspline, MASS, mediation, mgcv, multcomp, multcompView, MuMIn, nlme, ordinal (≥ 2014.11-12), pbkrtest (≥ 0.4-1), rmarkdown, robmixglm, rsm, sandwich, scales, splines, testthat, tibble, xtable (≥ 1.8-2)
Enhances:	CARBayes, coxme, gee, geepack, MCMCglmm, MCMCpack, mice, nnet, pscl, rstanarm, sommer, survival
Published:	2025-10-29
DOI:	10.32614/CRAN.package.emmeans
Author:	Russell V. Lenth [aut, cph], Julia Piaskowski [cre, aut], Balazs Banfai [ctb], Ben Bolker [ctb], Paul Buerkner [ctb], Iago Giné-Vázquez [ctb], Maxime Hervé [ctb], Maarten Jung [ctb], Jonathon Love [ctb], Fernando Miguez [ctb], Hannes Riebl [ctb], Henrik Singmann [ctb]
Maintainer:	Julia Piaskowski <julia.piask at gmail.com>
BugReports:	https://github.com/rvlenth/emmeans/issues
License:	GPL-2 | GPL-3
URL:	https://rvlenth.github.io/emmeans/,https://rvlenth.github.io/emmeans/
NeedsCompilation:	no
Materials:	README, NEWS
In views:	MixedModels
CRAN checks:	emmeans results

Documentation:

Reference manual:

emmeans.html , emmeans.pdf

Vignettes:

A quick-start guide for emmeans (source, R code) FAQs for emmeans (source, R code) Basics of EMMs (source, R code) Comparisons and contrasts (source, R code) Confidence intervals and tests (source, R code) Interaction analysis in emmeans (source, R code) Working with messy data (source, R code) Models supported by emmeans (source) Prediction in emmeans (source, R code) Re-engineering CLDs (source, R code) Sophisticated models in emmeans (source, R code) Transformations and link functions (source, R code) Utilities and options (source, R code) Index of vignette topics (source) Explanations supplement (source, R code) For developers: Extending emmeans (source, R code)

Downloads:

Package source:	emmeans_2.0.0.tar.gz
Windows binaries:	r-devel: emmeans_1.11.2-8.zip, r-release: emmeans_1.11.2-8.zip, r-oldrel: emmeans_1.11.2-8.zip
macOS binaries:	r-release (arm64): emmeans_2.0.0.tgz, r-oldrel (arm64): emmeans_2.0.0.tgz, r-release (x86_64): emmeans_2.0.0.tgz, r-oldrel (x86_64): emmeans_2.0.0.tgz
Old sources:	emmeans archive

Reverse dependencies:

Reverse depends:	AOboot, LabApplStat, lsmeans, pubh, RRphylo
Reverse imports:	agriTutorial, agriutilities, AgroR, ARTool, augmentedRCBD, biometryassist, bruceR, CANE, dataquieR, distdichoR, eda4treeR, FactoMineR, glmmSeq, grafify, healthequal, ibd, inti, iNZightPlots, jmv, junco, JWileymisc, LinkHD, LongDat, mbbe, mi4p, multid, OlinkAnalyze, peramo, piecewiseSEM, pwr4exp, QuAnTeTrack, qusage, rbiom, rfriend, rtpcr, SDLfilter, SimplyAgree, statforbiology, statgenGxE, statgenSTA, StroupGLMM, Superpower, tern, tern.gee, tern.mmrm, trendtestR, TrialSimulator
Reverse suggests:	afex, agridat, asremlPlus, bayestestR, brms, brms.mmrm, broom, broom.helpers, Cardinal, cardx, catregs, catseyes, datawizard, DoseFinding, effectsize, estimatr, fddm, fixest, GGally, ggeffects, ggstats, GLMMadaptive, glmmTMB, gtsummary, insight, lavaSearch2, LegATo, logistf, marginaleffects, metafor, mmrm, modelbased, multpois, nlraa, papaja, parameters, PowerTOST, r2rtf, rbmi, rempsyc, report, RoBMA, robustlmm, rsm, rstatix, RVAideMemoire, s20x, sdmTMB, see, semTools, spmodel, SSN2, standardize, survstan, tidybayes
Reverse enhances:	mclogit, spaMM

Linking:

Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=emmeans to link to this page.