stopifnot {base}R Documentation

Ensure the Truth of R Expressions

Description

If any of the expressions (in ... or exprs) are not all TRUE, stop is called, producing an error message indicating the first expression which was not (all) true.

Usage

stopifnot(..., exprs, exprObject, local = TRUE)

Arguments

..., exprs

any number of R expressions, which should each evaluate to (a logical vector of all) TRUE. Use either ... or exprs, the latter typically an unevaluated expression of the form 

{
   expr1
   expr2
   ....
}

Note that e.g., positive numbers are not TRUE, even when they are coerced to TRUE, e.g., inside if(.) or in arithmetic computations in R.

If names are provided to ..., they will be used in lieu of the default error message.

exprObject

alternative to exprs or ...: an ‘expression-like’ object, typically an expression, but also a call, a name, or atomic constant such as TRUE.

local

(only when exprs is used:) indicates the environment in which the expressions should be evaluated; by default the one from where stopifnot() has been called.

Details

This function is intended for use in regression tests or also argument checking of functions, in particular to make them easier to read.

stopifnot(A, B) or equivalently stopifnot(exprs= {A ; B}) are conceptually equivalent to 

 { if(any(is.na(A)) || !all(A)) stop(...);
   if(any(is.na(B)) || !all(B)) stop(...) }

Since R version 3.6.0, stopifnot() no longer handles potential errors or warnings (by tryCatch() etc) for each single expression and may use sys.call(n) to get a meaningful and short error message in case an expression did not evaluate to all TRUE. This provides considerably less overhead.

Since R version 3.5.0, expressions are evaluated sequentially, and hence evaluation stops as soon as there is a “non-TRUE”, as indicated by the above conceptual equivalence statement.

Also, since R version 3.5.0, stopifnot(exprs = { ... }) can be used alternatively and may be preferable in the case of several expressions, as they are more conveniently evaluated interactively (“no extraneous , ”).

Since R version 3.4.0, when an expression (from ...) is not true and is a call to all.equal, the error message will report the (first part of the) differences reported by all.equal(*); since R 4.3.0, this happens for all calls where "all.equal" pmatch()es the function called, e.g., when that is called all.equalShow, see the example in all.equal.

Value

(NULL if all statements in ... are TRUE.)

Note

Trying to use the stopifnot(exprs = ..) version via a shortcut, say, 

 assertWRONG <- function(exprs) stopifnot(exprs = exprs)

is delicate and the above is not a good idea. Contrary to stopifnot() which takes care to evaluate the parts of exprs one by one and stop at the first non-TRUE, the above short cut would typically evaluate all parts of exprs and pass the result, i.e., typically of the last entry of exprs to stopifnot().

However, a more careful version, 

 assert <- function(exprs) eval.parent(substitute(stopifnot(exprs = exprs)))

may be a nice short cut for stopifnot(exprs = *) calls using the more commonly known verb as function name.

See Also

stop, warning; assertCondition in package tools complements stopifnot() for testing warnings and errors.

Examples

## NB: Some of these examples are expected to produce an error. To
##     prevent them from terminating a run with example() they are
##     piped into a call to try().

stopifnot(1 == 1, all.equal(pi, 3.14159265), 1 < 2) # all TRUE

m <- matrix(c(1,3,3,1), 2, 2)
stopifnot(m == t(m), diag(m) == rep(1, 2)) # all(.) |=>  TRUE

stopifnot(length(10)) |> try() # gives an error: '1' is *not* TRUE
## even when   if(1) "ok"   works

stopifnot(all.equal(pi, 3.141593),  2 < 2, (1:10 < 12), "a" < "b") |> try()
## More convenient for interactive "line by line" evaluation:
stopifnot(exprs = {
  all.equal(pi, 3.1415927)
  2 < 2
  1:10 < 12
  "a" < "b"
}) |> try()

eObj <- expression(2 < 3, 3 <= 3:6, 1:10 < 2)
stopifnot(exprObject = eObj) |> try()
stopifnot(exprObject = quote(3 == 3))
stopifnot(exprObject = TRUE)


# long all.equal() error messages are abbreviated:
stopifnot(all.equal(rep(list(pi),4), list(3.1, 3.14, 3.141, 3.1415))) |> try()

# The default error message can be overridden to be more informative:
m[1,2] <- 12
stopifnot("m must be symmetric"= m == t(m)) |> try()
#=> Error: m must be symmetric

##' warnifnot(): a "only-warning" version of stopifnot()
##'   {Yes, learn how to use do.call(substitute, ...) in a powerful manner !!}
warnifnot <- stopifnot ; N <- length(bdy <- body(warnifnot))
bdy        <- do.call(substitute, list(bdy,   list(stopifnot = quote(warnifnot))))
bdy[[N-1]] <- do.call(substitute, list(bdy[[N-1]], list(stop = quote(warning))))
body(warnifnot) <- bdy
warnifnot(1 == 1, 1 < 2, 2 < 2) # => warns " 2 < 2 is not TRUE  "
warnifnot(exprs = {
    1 == 1
    3 < 3  # => warns "3 < 3 is not TRUE"
})
[Package base version 4.4.1 Index]