| expression {base} | R Documentation |
Creates or tests for objects of mode and class "expression".
expression(...)
is.expression(x)
as.expression(x, ...)
... |
|
x |
an arbitrary R object. |
‘Expression’ here is not being used in its colloquial sense,
that of mathematical expressions. Those are calls (see
call) in R, and an R expression vector is a list of
calls, symbols etc, for example as returned by parse.
As an object of mode "expression" is a list, it can be
subsetted by [, [[ or $, the latter two extracting
individual calls etc. The replacement forms of these operators can be
used to replace or delete elements.
expression and is.expression are primitive functions.
expression is ‘special’: it does not evaluate its arguments.
expression returns a vector of type "expression"
containing its arguments (unevaluated).
is.expression returns TRUE if expr is an
expression object and FALSE otherwise.
as.expression attempts to coerce its argument into an
expression object. It is generic, and only the default method is
described here. (The default method calls
as.vector(type = "expression") and so may dispatch methods for
as.vector.) NULL, calls, symbols (see
as.symbol) and pairlists are returned as the element of
a length-one expression vector. Atomic vectors are placed
element-by-element into an expression vector (without using any
names): lists have their type (typeof)
changed to an expression vector
(keeping all attributes).
Other types are not currently supported.
Becker, R. A., Chambers, J. M. and Wilks, A. R. (1988) The New S Language. Wadsworth & Brooks/Cole.
call,
eval,
function.
Further,
text, legend, and plotmath
for plotting mathematical expressions.
length(ex1 <- expression(1 + 0:9)) # 1
ex1
eval(ex1) # 1:10
length(ex3 <- expression(u, 2, u + 0:9)) # 3
mode(ex3 [3]) # expression
mode(ex3[[3]]) # call
## but not all components are 'call's :
sapply(ex3, mode ) # name numeric call
sapply(ex3, typeof) # symbol double language
rm(ex3)